Question 1

Researchers have found that __________ influenced by culture.
A) neither language nor thought is
B) language, but not thought, is
C) thought, but not language, is
D) both language and thought are

Accepted Answer

Both language and thought are influenced by culture. Culture shapes the way people perceive and categorize the world, which in turn affects their language use and the way they think about things. For example, different cultures may have different words for colors or different concepts of time, which can influence the way language is used and shape thought processes.

Question 2

All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above __________.
A) 120-125
B) 130-135
C) 140-145
D) 150-155

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called __________.
A) mental set
B) means-end analysis
C) noncompensatory modeling
D) prototypical idealization

Accepted Answer

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called mental set. Means-end analysis refers to breaking down a problem into smaller sub-problems to reach a goal. Noncompensatory modeling refers to decision-making based on a select few important factors. Prototypical idealization refers to representing a concept based on a typical or ideal example.

Question 4

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?
A) heuristics
B) algorithms
C) mnemonic devices
D) cognitive shortcuts

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that may not guarantee a solution, but are designed to make efficient use of time. They are often based on experience and intuition, and can help to narrow down options and identify potential solutions quickly. Algorithms, on the other hand, are step-by-step procedures that are guaranteed to produce a solution if followed correctly, but may be time-consuming or impractical in certain situations. Mnemonic devices and cognitive shortcuts are memory aids and mental strategies, respectively, that can be helpful in certain contexts, but are not specifically geared towards problem-solving.

Question 5

The term Terman's Termites refers to __________.
A) a set of developmentally delayed students whom Terman studied intensively
B) a group of army soldiers who, on the basis of their IQ, were followed through their military career
C) a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood
D) the graduate students who worked with Lewis Terman on the development of the Stanford-Binet test

Accepted Answer

Terman's Termites refers to a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood. The term was coined by Lewis Terman, a psychologist who conducted a longitudinal study of gifted children which began in 1921 and continued into the 1950s. The study is known as the Genetic Studies of Genius.

Question 6

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?
A) words
B) syntax
C) phonemes
D) morphemes

Accepted Answer

The smallest units of meaning in a language are called morphemes. A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a word, such as "un-" in "untie" or "-s" in "cats". Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, while words and syntax are larger structures composed of morphemes.

Question 7

In Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that __________.
A) is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact
B) has more items in it
C) has more colors in it
D) contains living things as compared to nonliving items

Accepted Answer

Kosslyn's study found that it takes longer to view a mental image that is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact.

Question 8

A male has a defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair. As children, people with this syndrome, known as __________, experience symptoms that can range from mild to severe or even profound intellectual disability.
A) fragile X syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) familial intellectual disability

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is caused by a defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair. It is the most commonly inherited cause of intellectual disability and affects males more severely than females. Symptoms can range from mild to severe or even profound intellectual disability.

Question 9

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?
A) fraternal twins
B) identical twins
C) brothers and sisters
D) parents and children

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their DNA, while fraternal twins share 50%. If intelligence is primarily determined by heredity, then identical twins should show the highest correlation between IQ scores as they have the same genetic makeup.

Question 10

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A) decisive
B) convergent
C) heuristic
D) divergent

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions or perspectives to a problem or question. It involves exploring different ideas and possibilities instead of converging on a single solution.

Question 11

At the current time, which statement is TRUE about our knowledge of whether animals can use humanlike language?
A) It has been clearly shown that animals cannot use humanlike language.
B) All animal communication is instinctual and, thus, is not language.
C) Only primates, like monkey and chimps, show any sign of language-like behavior.
D) It is still unclear if animals can use humanlike language at any level of development.

Accepted Answer

It is still unclear if animals can use humanlike language at any level of development. While some animals have shown ability to communicate using symbols or gestures, they have not demonstrated the ability to use language in the same complex and flexible manner as humans. However, research in this area is ongoing and future discoveries may change our current understanding.

Question 12

The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of __________.
A) divergent problem solving
B) creative thinking
C) heuristic usage
D) intelligence

Accepted Answer

The ability to learn from experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is commonly defined as intelligence in psychology. Options A, B, and C may be related to intelligence but do not fully encompass its definition.

Question 13

What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think?
A) dynamic hypothesis
B) language reaction hypothesis
C) linguistic relativity hypothesis
D) cognitive linguistic hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes that the language we use to express our thoughts influences the way we perceive and think about the world. It suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the way its speakers think, perceive, and remember information.

Question 14

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in __________ thinking.
A) functional
B) circular
C) convergent
D) divergent

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating many different ideas or possibilities based on one starting point. This type of thinking is often associated with creativity and brainstorming. Functional thinking involves focusing on practical and logical solutions to a problem, while circular thinking involves repeatedly returning to the same ideas or thought patterns. Convergent thinking involves narrowing down options to identify the best solution or answer.

Question 15

__________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence in life than more traditional views of intelligence, even though this claim has not been fully supported by extensive research.
A) Analytical
B) Creative
C) Emotional
D) Existential

Accepted Answer

Goleman's theory of emotional intelligence asserts that emotional intelligence plays an important role in one's success, relationships, and overall life satisfaction. However, while some studies have shown a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and various measures of success, there is still debate over the validity and reliability of measures used to assess emotional intelligence. Therefore, while emotional intelligence is a widely accepted concept, it is still an area of ongoing research and discussion.

Question 16

Alfred Binet designed the first __________ test.
A) aptitude
B) performance-based
C) perception
D) intelligence

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet designed the first intelligence test in order to identify French schoolchildren who were in need of academic assistance.

Question 17

What are mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics?
A) classes
B) concepts
C) attributes
D) classifications

Accepted Answer

Mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics are called concepts. Classes refer to groupings of similar things, attributes are characteristics or features of things, and classifications are the act of assigning something to a particular category or group. Therefore, B is the best choice because it specifically refers to mental categories.

Question 18

Language is based on basic sound units called __________.
A) phonemes
B) morphemes
C) semantics
D) registers

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the basic sound units that make up language. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language, semantics refers to the meaning of words and registers refer to different styles or levels of formality in language use.

Question 19

A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called __________.
A) brainstorming
B) priming
C) insight
D) a mental set

Accepted Answer

This type of realization is typically referred to as insight, in which an individual suddenly understands the solution to a problem without a deliberate step-by-step thought process. Brainstorming and priming are more deliberate and intentional techniques for problem-solving, while a mental set refers to a predisposition to approach problems in a certain way due to past experiences or habits.

Question 20

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be __________.
A) valid
B) normed
C) reliable
D) standardized

Accepted Answer

A test that measures what it intends to measure is said to be valid. Validity is a crucial property of psychological tests as it ensures that the test is measuring the theoretical construct it is supposed to be measuring. Norming refers to the process of establishing norms (average scores) on a test, reliability refers to the consistency of scores, and standardization refers to the process of administering and scoring a test consistently across participants. While these properties are also important, they do not directly address whether a test is measuring what it intends to measure.

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Researchers have found that __________ influenced by culture.

All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above __________.

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called __________.

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

The term Terman's Termites refers to __________.

What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?

In Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that __________.

A male has a defect in the X chromosome of the 23rd pair. As children, people with this syndrome, known as __________, experience symptoms that can range from mild to severe or even profound intellectual disability.

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?

At the current time, which statement is TRUE about our knowledge of whether animals can use humanlike language?

The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of __________.

What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think?

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in __________ thinking.

__________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence in life than more traditional views of intelligence, even though this claim has not been fully supported by extensive research.

Alfred Binet designed the first __________ test.

What are mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics?

Language is based on basic sound units called __________.

A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you "figured it out," is called __________.

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be __________.