Question 1

Corey thinks that people who are outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun. Corey's assumption that outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun is inference based on his ____ of the qualities that accompany outgoingness.
A) standpoint
B) self-serving bias
C) stereotype
D) implicit personality theory
E) mind reading

Accepted Answer

Corey's assumption shows evidence of an implicit personality theory, as he is inferring that certain characteristics tend to co-occur based on his beliefs about personality traits. A stereotype may also involve making assumptions about certain traits based on group membership, but it typically involves broader generalizations about a group rather than specific traits thought to co-occur. A self-serving bias involves attributing positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors. A standpoint refers to a person's unique perspective shaped by their experiences and socialization. Mind reading is not a relevant concept in this context.

Question 2

Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others' needs than most of his male peers. Mike's greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his:
A) cognitive schemata.
B) standpoint.
C) selective perception.
D) prototypes.
E) abstraction.

Accepted Answer

Mike's experience as a caregiver for his siblings likely helped shape his standpoint, or his unique perspective on the world and his role in it. This standpoint may have led him to value caring for others and being attentive to their needs more than his male peers.

Question 3

Individuals who are more ____ are better able to integrate new information about others and situations.
A) empathic
B) adept at mindreading
C) standpoint sympathetic
D) fundamentally attributing errors
E) cognitively complex

Accepted Answer

Cognitive complexity refers to the ability to perceive and understand multiple perspectives and information simultaneously. Therefore, individuals who are more cognitively complex are better able to integrate new information about others and situations. Empathy (A) and standpoint sympathy (C) are related to emotional understanding, while adept at mindreading (B) is related to the ability to understand the mental states of others. Fundamentally attributing errors (D) refers to a cognitive bias and is not related to integrating new information.

Question 4

My boss Susan is a great supervisor because she listens to her employee's concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n):
A) prototype.
B) script.
C) personal construct.
D) stereotype.
E) attribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of My boss Susan is a great supervisor...

Question 5

All of the following are influences on perception except:
A) physiology
B) age
C) culture
D) cognitive ability
E) cognitive complexity

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are influences on...

Question 6

Research has shown that the United States is a highly individualistic culture in which ____ is expected and rewarded.
A) socialization
B) personal initiative
C) contribution
D) collectivism
E) cohesion

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for a characteristic that is expected and rewarded in the United States culture. The term "individualistic" suggests a culture that values personal attributes and independence, and research has shown that personal initiative is highly valued and rewarded in the United States. Option A (socialization) suggests a culture that values collective norms and expectations, whereas option D (collectivism) suggests a culture that values group accomplishments over individual ones. Option C (contribution) and E (cohesion) are not necessarily negative attributes, but they do not directly relate to the question being asked. Therefore, the best choice is B (personal initiative).

Question 7

Which of the following is a script?
A) your expectation of how a friend will behave
B) your idea about how you should interact with a friend
C) the person who exemplifies a friend to you
D) how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent
E) the dictionary definition of friend

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a script?
A)...

Question 8

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n):
A) prototype.
B) script.
C) personal construct.
D) stereotype.
E) attribution.

Accepted Answer

Charles' statement reflects a generalization about all fraternities, which is a stereotype. He is assuming that all fraternities only focus on partying, without considering the diversity of fraternities that exist.

Question 9

Janet says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day. However, Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of:
A) construct differentiation.
B) implicit personality theory.
C) self-serving bias.
D) internal attributions.
E) scripting.

Accepted Answer

Janet attributes her own failure to external factors (interviewer bias and bad weather) but attributes Ellen's failure to an internal factor (lack of qualifications), demonstrating self-serving bias. This bias helps individuals maintain self-esteem by attributing their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

Question 10

Chat rooms can be evaluated based on how interesting or boring the conversations are. This statement best represents
A) prototypes.
B) scripts.
C) personal constructs.
D) stereotypes.
E) attributions.

Accepted Answer

This statement best represents personal constructs, which are the individual ways in which people mentally categorize their world, including other people. Personal constructs are used to predict and interpret events, including assessing conversations as interesting or boring.

Question 11

According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes all of the following except:
A) qualities of the phenomena
B) self-indication
C) culture
D) both self-indication and culture
E) rational judgment.

Accepted Answer

The selection process in human perception involves filtering sensory information to focus on aspects that are most relevant or engaging at the moment. This process can be influenced by qualities of the phenomena (such as intensity or novelty), personal factors (like interests or past experiences, which could be interpreted as "self-indication"), and cultural factors. However, "rational judgment" is not typically considered a part of the initial selection process in perception, as this stage is more about what captures our attention before we engage in deeper processing or analysis.

Question 12

All of the following are guidelines for improving perception and communication
A) Recognize that all perceptions are partial and subjective
B) Avoid mind-reading
C) Check perceptions with others
D) Associate the similarities of facts and inferences
E) Guard against self-serving bias

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are guidelines for...

Question 13

Maggie has always dreamed of her perfect romantic soul mate. She believes that her ideal soul mate will be tall, dark, handsome, smart, and rich. Maggie's ideal soul mate is an example of ____.
A) script
B) personal contruct
C) schemata
D) perception
E) prototype

Accepted Answer

Maggie's ideal soul mate is an example of a prototype, which refers to a mental image or best example we have of a category. Maggie has a specific prototype in mind, including physical attributes and socioeconomic status, for her ideal soul mate.

Question 14

Darryl says to his friend, "You must be so happy that you're about to become an uncle!" Darryl's statement is an example of:
A) Empathy
B) Mind reading
C) Sympathy
D) Fundamentally attributing error
E) Cognitive complexity

Accepted Answer

Darryl's statement assumes he knows how his friend feels about becoming an uncle, which is an example of mind reading. He is attributing feelings to his friend without direct evidence.

Question 15

Which of the following is a prototype?
A) your expectation of how a friend will behave
B) your idea about how you should interact with a friend
C) the person who exemplifies a friend to you
D) how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent
E) the dictionary definition of friend

Accepted Answer

A prototype is a typical or ideal example of something. In this case, the person who exemplifies a friend to you is the prototype, as they represent the ideal example of what a friend should be. Choices A, B, D, and E do not fit the definition of a prototype.

Question 16

All of the following are part of the process of human perception EXCEPT:
A) selection.
B) organization
C) interpretation.
D) imagination.
E) attribution.

Accepted Answer

Imagination is not a part of human perception, as it involves creating mental images or concepts that are not derived from sensory input. Perception involves interpreting sensory information from the environment.

Question 17

Research demonstrates that attributional patterns are linked to ____ and forgiveness.
A) prototypes
B) scripts
C) personal constructs
D) stereotypes
E) marital quality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research demonstrates that attributional patterns are linked...

Question 18

After performing a comprehensive job search, job seekers put together a resume, write a cover letter, and then go on job interviews. This statement best exemplifies:
A) prototypes.
B) scripts.
C) personal constructs.
D) stereotypes.
E) attributions.

Accepted Answer

This statement describes the typical job search process, which involves following a set script or plan for applying to and interviewing for jobs.

Question 19

This is a predictive generalization applied to a person or situation. Based on the category in which we place someone or something and how that person or thing measures up against the personal constructs we apply, we predict what he, she, or it will do.
A) prototype.
B) script.
C) personal construct.
D) stereotype.
E) attribution.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype is the predictive generalization applied to a person or situation based on the category in which we place them and how they measure up against the personal constructs we apply. Stereotyping is a mental shortcut that can be harmful as it can lead to biases and discrimination.

Question 20

Which of the following is a personal construct?
A) your expectation of how a friend will behave
B) your idea about how you should interact with a friend
C) the person who exemplifies a friend to you
D) how a friend measures up on the dimension of intelligent-unintelligent
E) the dictionary definition of friend

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a personal...

Quiz 3: Perception and Communication

Corey thinks that people who are outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun. Corey's assumption that outgoing are also friendly, confident, and fun is inference based on his ____ of the qualities that accompany outgoingness.

Mike was responsible for taking care of his two younger siblings while Mike was growing up. As an adult, he is more nurturing and more attentive to others' needs than most of his male peers. Mike's greater care-giving inclination is best explained by his:

Individuals who are more ____ are better able to integrate new information about others and situations.

My boss Susan is a great supervisor because she listens to her employee's concerns and ideas. Susan is an example of a(n) :

All of the following are influences on perception except:

Research has shown that the United States is a highly individualistic culture in which ____ is expected and rewarded.

Which of the following is a script?

Charles says, "I would never join a fraternity. All fraternities do is party." Charles' statement is an example of a(n) :

Janet says, "I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day. However, Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of:

Chat rooms can be evaluated based on how interesting or boring the conversations are. This statement best represents

According to the process of human perception, the selection process includes all of the following except:

All of the following are guidelines for improving perception and communication

Maggie has always dreamed of her perfect romantic soul mate. She believes that her ideal soul mate will be tall, dark, handsome, smart, and rich. Maggie's ideal soul mate is an example of ____.

Darryl says to his friend, "You must be so happy that you're about to become an uncle!" Darryl's statement is an example of:

Which of the following is a prototype?

All of the following are part of the process of human perception EXCEPT:

Research demonstrates that attributional patterns are linked to ____ and forgiveness.

After performing a comprehensive job search, job seekers put together a resume, write a cover letter, and then go on job interviews. This statement best exemplifies:

This is a predictive generalization applied to a person or situation. Based on the category in which we place someone or something and how that person or thing measures up against the personal constructs we apply, we predict what he, she, or it will do.

Which of the following is a personal construct?