Question 1

Which of the following is not a feature of motivational interviewing

Accepted Answer

Self-management is not specifically a feature of motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence and centers on empathetic conversation to strengthen personal motivation for and commitment to a specific goal. It includes techniques such as decisional balance and personalized feedback to help individuals make positive changes, but self-management refers to a broader set of strategies that individuals might use to manage their behavior, health, or personal conditions, and is not a feature exclusive to or directly described as part of motivational interviewing.

Question 2

Lisa is upset with herself because she's just eaten a piece of chocolate cake and thinks she's completely "blown" her diet plan. She decides that she just isn't cut out for diets and eats the rest of the cake. This is an example of _____ (if Lisa believed she shouldn't eat any cake at all while on her diet).

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of the abstinence-violation effect, where an individual perceives a small slip or mistake in their behavior (like eating a piece of cake when on a diet) as a major violation, leading to an all-or-nothing response (eating the rest of the cake). This cognitive distortion makes it hard for individuals to maintain moderation and can derail efforts at behavior change.

Question 3

Using fear-arousing messages can be most effective under which of the following conditions

Accepted Answer

Fear-arousing messages are most effective when they emphasize the seriousness of a health problem and are combined with messages that indicate people can perform healthful behaviors. This approach not only highlights the risks but also provides a clear path for action, making the message more persuasive and actionable.

Question 4

Conflict theory emphasizes the impact of ___________ on all major decisions.

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory emphasizes the impact of stress on all major decisions, focusing on how stress and competition for scarce resources influence behavior and social order.

Question 5

According to the text, which of the following would significantly increase health in diverse populations

Accepted Answer

Reducing poverty, creating information approaches for low literacy populations, and making health-promotion services culturally sensitive are all strategies that can significantly improve health outcomes in diverse populations.

Question 6

According to conflict theory, the only consistently adaptive decision making pattern in the face of health risks is

Accepted Answer

Vigilant coping is considered the most adaptive decision-making pattern in conflict theory when facing health risks, as it involves actively seeking information, considering options, and making informed decisions to manage or mitigate those risks.

Question 7

Daryl has been drinking and finds himself in a situation where he can have sex with someone he just met at a bar. Which of the following predicts if he will engage in sexual actions with this virtual stranger

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided are factors that can influence an individual's decision to engage in sexual actions with a virtual stranger. Social norms and peer behaviors (A), personal beliefs about the implications of the action on self-image (B), and past behavior patterns (C) can all play significant roles in such decisions.

Question 8

Research on gender and health has shown that women

Accepted Answer

Women tend to live longer than men, a trend observed across various cultures and countries. This difference in life expectancy is often attributed to a combination of biological, behavioral, and social factors.

Question 9

Research on social class, ethnicity, and health shows

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows disparities in health outcomes among different social and ethnic groups. Higher disease incidence in First Nations citizens compared to non-Indigenous Canadians is a well-documented example of how ethnicity and social factors can influence health status. Social class is indeed related to health status, and knowledge of risk factors for disease can vary significantly across different social classes, contradicting options A and C.

Question 10

Which of the following health related cognitions or behaviours is less likely in older adults than in younger adults

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following health related cognitions...

Question 11

Which of the following has been referred to as "nature's vaccine"

Accepted Answer

Breast milk is often referred to as "nature's vaccine" due to its ability to provide essential antibodies and immune-boosting components to the infant, protecting them against many infections and diseases.

Question 12

A common approach in mass media health promotion campaigns includes

Accepted Answer

Communication of negative consequences of unhealthy behaviors is a common strategy in mass media health promotion campaigns, aiming to encourage individuals to avoid such behaviors by highlighting their potential harmful effects.

Question 13

Which of the following psychological variables has recently been shown to play an important role in whether or not people adopt recommended health precautions during a disease outbreak

Accepted Answer

Empathy has been identified as a significant psychological factor influencing individuals' willingness to follow recommended health precautions during a disease outbreak. People who can empathize with others are more likely to adhere to guidelines designed to protect not just themselves but also others from disease transmission.

Question 14

The leading cause of death during childhood and adolescence is

Accepted Answer

Accidents are the leading cause of death during childhood and adolescence, primarily due to their unpredictability and the high level of physical activity in these age groups.

Question 15

Compare and contrast primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Given an example of each approach to prevention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast primary, secondary, and tertiary...

Question 16

According to the textbook, worksite health programs

Accepted Answer

Worksite health programs are designed to leverage peer and employer support, be cost-effective, and create an environment that supports behavior change, making all the options correct.

Question 17

One health goal during gestation is

Accepted Answer

Supporting both the mother and the baby in a healthy and full-term pregnancy is a primary health goal during gestation, focusing on the well-being and development of both.

Question 18

Which of the following factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcers for increasing health behaviours

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors influence the...

Question 19

Carol believes it unlikely that she could contract a sexually transmitted disease from her new boyfriend because he's so nice to her. Carol's reliance on irrelevant information in making sexual health decisions is a form of

Accepted Answer

Carol's belief is an example of motivated reasoning, where she is using irrelevant information (her boyfriend being nice) to justify her belief or decision, ignoring more pertinent factors such as actual sexual health practices or history. This cognitive bias allows individuals to arrive at conclusions they want to believe, despite evidence or relevant factors to the contrary.

Question 20

In Canada, death rates for accidents

Accepted Answer

Death rates for accidents rise sharply during the teenage years due to factors such as increased mobility, risky behaviors, and in some cases, the beginning of driving, which can lead to a higher incidence of motor vehicle accidents.

Quiz 6: Health-Related Beahviour and Health Promotion