Quiz 3: Sport and Physical Culture in Historical Perspective

In 2018, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame announced their 'Girls in Sport' initiative, with the main intention to: A) Promote sport for girls by redirecting funds from boys' sports B) Encourage girls to get involved and stay involved in sport C) Make it easier for girls to become Olympic athletes D) Ensure all girls received federal funding to enable them to compete in any sport of their choosing

Which of the following questions would be of least interest to historians of sport in Canada, who are intent on understanding the ways in which sport is socially constructed? A) What groups have power and resources in both sport and society? B) Why are particular sports and athletes culturally revered, while others are ignored, even denigrated? C) Why have certain ideologies persisted in Canadian sport? D) Who is the best Canadian hockey player in history?

What would be the LEAST effective way of applying an 'historic sensitivity' to a study of a particular sport? A) Studying the one sport in isolation from other sports, to help us focus B) Trying to understand our research findings in their broader historical contexts C) Focusing on the ideological and political implications of our findings D) Considering how power relations and social structures shaped the historical moment we are examining

In order to understand sport better, we need to place our analyses of sport at the intersections of: A) Community, history and biography B) Biography, community and social structures C) Social structures, biography and history D) Social structures, community and history

The best example of how we can consider a sociologist's perspective and bias, in order to better understand how this shapes the social context in which sport exists, would be: A) To analyse the sociologist's current mood and emotional state of mind at the time of research B) To investigate the sociologists preconceived thoughts, ideas and assumptions, often rooted in previous experiences, about the subject matter C) To assess the sociologist's likelihood or tendencies to cheat or manipulate data to obtain desired results D) To obtain different perspectives and opinions of the sociologist's professionalism and competence from colleagues

The most plausible reason why the Humboldt tragedy (the bus crash in Saskatchewan in 2018 in which 10 hockey players alongside coaches and other support staff were killed) resonated so strongly with Canadians is because: A) Our historical understanding of hockey is distinctly Canadian and in many ways, hockey is embedded in Canadian national identity and in the identity of many towns and cities B) Most Canadians are good at hockey and have represented their towns and cities as youth players C) The Humboldt Broncos team were the best team in Canada and were likely to win their championship game D) The tragedy occurred just outside of the town where hockey in Canada originated

The period of industrialization that took place in the mid-1800s brought to Canada, as other countries, mass changes in: A) Language, technology and communication B) Transportation, technology and language C) Technology, communication and transportation D) Communication, transportation and language

From historical analyses, what do we know to be FALSE about the development of lacrosse in Canada? A) Promoter George Beers promoted lacrosse as part of Canadian national identity B) From 1880 onwards, Indigenous players were welcomed and accepted as equals, when the game became formalized according to settler norms and ideals C) The first white elite lacrosse club was the Montreal Lacrosse Club, formed in 1856 D) The sport's indigenous origins were ignored by may of its early settler founders and organizers

Popular Canadian hockey discourse is almost exclusively about: A) Multinationalism and the celebration of Canada's cultural and ethnic diversity B) White male bodies, connecting notions of whiteness and masculinity to what it means to be Canadian C) Giving equal coverage and praise to the sustained success of men's and women's hockey in Canada D) Recognizing the important role of hockey for residential school survivors

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the historical role of Lord Stanley in hockey? A) As Prime Minister of Canada in the 1890s, he offered government support for the establishment of the first professional hockey league in Canada, and a trophy that bears his name B) As one of the principal founders of the National Hockey League, he helped ensure the presence of Canadian teams within the 'Original 6' C) He used his influence in Canadian politics to secure lucrative sponsorship and broadcasting deals, and to commemorate his efforts the trophy for the Canadian National Championships was renamed the Stanley Cup D) As Governor General of Canada, he donated a silver cup to be challenged for by the top men's amateur hockey teams in Canada

The National Hockey League was established in what year? A) 1912 B) 1917 C) 1922 D) 1927

According to Bruce Kidd, the National Hockey League did all of the following in the 1920s and 30s to expand its market share in order to remain successful, EXCEPT: A) It recruited outside capital B) It helped build new arenas C) It sold franchises to US interests D) It slowed the game down

Which of the following was NOT true about the ethos of 'amateurism' that pervaded Canadian sport for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries? A) It targeted equally people from all social classes who they wanted excluded from sport B) It was applied to both male and female athletes C) Rules associated with amateurism, at times, also excluded Indigenous athletes ('Indians') regardless of their professional status D) Amateur status was not reinstated even if the athletes ceased to engage in professional sport, or were considered a professional in an entirely different sport

As someone charged with making the rules for your sport club in the 19th century, amateurism would have been a key guiding principle. Amateurism was, as a principle, cemented to: A) Exclusion B) Inclusion C) political correctness D) economic necessity

Canada's first definition of amateurism (1873) clearly excluded: A) Women B) Elites C) Labourers D) store owners

The 1926 amateur code proclaimed that an amateur was someone who had never done any of the following, EXCEPT: A) Sold or pledged his prizes B) Taught or assisted in the pursuit of any athletic exercise or sport as a means of livelihood C) Entered or competed in any athletic competition for a staked bet, money, private or public, or gate receipts D) Received coaching or training assistance

Amateur rules were occasionally flouted in all the following ways, EXCEPT: A) Athletes received 'under-the-table' payments, expenses or compensation B) Athletes received employment opportunities C) Contests were fixed to ensure that amateurs won against professionals D) Athletes received valuable gifts and jewellery for their appearance at events

The National Hockey League sustained its monopoly in North America by all of the following, EXCEPT: A) It worked alongside the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association to protect young players from the 'evils' of professional sport B) It worked to transform minor league hockey into a feeder system to the NHL C) It aligned numerous local junior league clubs to a specific NHL team D) It became increasingly commercialized in its operations and outlook

Regarding hockey in Canada for girls and women, we know that: A) Women played hockey in Canada no earlier than the 1910s B) Women's hockey in the 1920s and 30s was a low point in its overall popularity C) Women's hockey was never played in an aggressive and physical way D) Women's hockey between the First and Second World Wars was repeatedly criticized for its rough and unladylike play

Women's sport in the 1920s and 30s was well covered by the print media and attracted large audience, but, according to Bruce Kidd, what was the key change that thwarted women's progress? A) Broader political shifts facilitated funding cuts to women's sport B) Physical education for girls was removed from the elementary and middle school curricula C) Sports manufacturers began to focus primarily on men's sport to sell their products D) Scientific evidence was found that rigorous sport hindered women's abilities to reproduce

In 1991, the International Olympic Committee decreed that, going forward, women and men must be allowed to compete in all sports, but this new ruling came with what key caveat? A) The rule did not apply to team sports B) The rule did not apply to sports in which professionals competed in a league or tournament system C) The rule did not apply to sports that were considered too dangerous for women D) The rule did not apply to sports that existed within the Olympic program prior to 1991

As a female athlete in the 1920s, what role might you LEAST expect to be invited to do within a ski club? A) Spectate B) Organize social gatherings C) Act as a judge, referee or umpire D) Organize and cook meals for the athletes

The International Ski Federation did not sanction women's events and organize an international competition until what year? A) 1946 B) 1952 C) 1985 D) 2006

Sports governing bodies like the International Olympic Committee and the International Ski Federation have operated within institutional structures that have: A) Promoted women's sporting participation equally with men's B) Excluded women often based on unfounded medical beliefs about the inherent fragility of women's bodies C) Excluded women often based on the fact they are not as tall, as strong or as fast as men on average D) Welcomed feminist advances to empower girls and women to play sport, and advocated for equal opportunities and pay

In 2008, fifteen women filed a lawsuit against the Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Games for what reason? A) To protest that women's ski jumping was not allowed on the 2010 Olympic program B) To protest that women's luge was not allowed on the 2010 Olympic program C) To protest that women's biathlon was not allowed on the 2010 Olympic program D) To protest that women's hockey was downgraded within the 2010 Olympic program

Indigenous athletes competing at the Arctic Winter Games participated in all of the following physical contests, EXCEPT: A) Knuckle hop B) Leg pull C) One-foot high jump D) Kneel jump

Despite its numerous negative ramifications for Indigenous peoples, the 1876 Indian Act was initially intended to: A) Provide autonomy to Indigenous peoples in their education and schooling B) Protect Indigenous peoples from the encroachment of settler culture C) Protect Indigenous lands from the encroachment of non-Aboriginal (white) settlers D) Provide sporting opportunities to Indigenous peoples

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada used what term/phrase to describe the treatment of Indigenous peoples throughout Canadian history A) Nazism B) Cultural genocide C) Melting pot D) Cultural mosaic

The Canadian residential school system existed between what years? A) 1880-1970 B) 1876-1960 C) 1880-2006 D) 1880-1996

Regarding indigenous sport in 2018, what can we be sure of? A) Racism directed toward indigenous peoples has almost entirely ceased to be a problem B) Racial prejudice and discrimination directed toward Indigenous peoples continues to persist within the Canadian sport system C) Indigenous athletes are no longer discriminated against D) Indigenous athletes have equal opportunities to play the sport of their choice