Question 1

What were the results of a study by Spyraki and colleagues (1983), in which they used a conditioned place preference procedure to study the effects of heroin administration in rats?

Accepted Answer

Spyraki and colleagues (1983) found that rats made an association between a location and the reinforcing effects of heroin, as demonstrated by the conditioned place preference procedure. This indicates that the rats preferred locations where they had previously received heroin, suggesting an association with the drug's positive reinforcing effects rather than avoidance due to withdrawal symptoms or the familiarity of the location.

Question 2

What is a correct pairing between an acute effect of heroin and the associated physiologic withdrawal symptom?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a correct pairing between an...

Question 3

Aside from its analgesic properties, opioids are also commonly used to treat ____.

Accepted Answer

Opioids have a constipating effect, which can be beneficial in the treatment of diarrhea. This is due to their action on the gastrointestinal tract, slowing down gut movement.

Question 4

Following opioid use, Janice experiences miosis. Her friend says to her, "____."

Accepted Answer

Miosis, or the constriction of the pupils, is a common effect of opioid use. This is why Janice's friend would notice her pupils being unusually small.

Question 5

Maribel is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately two days. During this process she is prescribed an opioid receptor antagonist at a hospital setting. What type of detoxification process is Maribel participating in?

Accepted Answer

Ultrarapid opioid detoxification involves the use of opioid receptor antagonists under general anesthesia or heavy sedation, and it is designed to accelerate the detox process, typically lasting less than 48 hours.

Question 6

Pam is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately 30 days. During this process, she is prescribed an opioid receptor agonist at an in-patient treatment facility. What type of detoxification process is Pam participating in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pam is undergoing a heroin detoxification process...

Question 7

How do endogenous and exogenous opioids produce reinforcing effects by affecting dopamine and GABA neurotransmission? Describe the relationship between receptor activation and brain structure activity, and its associated role in opioid reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do endogenous and exogenous opioids produce...

Question 8

Detoxification is the first step of an opioid-cessation program. Detoxification procedures vary in time course and the types of treaments used. Describe the various types of opioid detoxification programs available, and then compare and contrast these methods. Include typical treatment locations and the medications and mechanism of action associated with each medication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Detoxification is the first step of an...

Question 9

Tyler uses heroin. In what order will the subjective effects of heroin occur for Tyler?

Accepted Answer

The subjective effects of heroin typically occur in the following order: rush (a surge of euphoria and pleasure), high (a state of relaxed contentment), nod (a dreamlike state of semi-consciousness), and straight (return to a normal state of consciousness).

Question 10

The subjective effects of opioids readily pair with environmental stimuli, which researchers demonstrate using a(n) ____ place preference procedure.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "conditioned place preference procedure," which is used to demonstrate how the subjective effects of opioids (or other stimuli) can become associated with specific environmental cues through conditioning.

Question 11

Why is the ultrarapid detoxification process thought to be an effective treatment for opioid addiction?

Accepted Answer

The ultrarapid detoxification process involves blocking opioid receptors, which helps the body adapt to the absence of opioids, thereby reducing the duration of withdrawal symptoms.

Question 12

Andrew is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately 10 days. During this process, he is prescribed an opioid receptor antagonist at an in-patient treatment facility. What type of detoxification process is Andrew participating in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Andrew is undergoing a heroin detoxification process...

Question 13

Ted is undergoing a heroin detoxification process that lasts approximately 180 days as part of an out-patient program. During this process, he is prescribed an opioid receptor agonist. What type of detoxification process is Ted participating in?

Accepted Answer

Ted is participating in a long-term opioid detoxification process, as indicated by the duration of approximately 180 days and the use of an opioid receptor agonist to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings. This approach is designed to gradually wean the body off opioids over an extended period.

Question 14

Which is an example of opioid receptor antagonist used in opioid detoxification programs?

Accepted Answer

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used in the management of opioid dependence by blocking the effects of opioids.

Question 15

The primary cause of death from the overdose of opioids is ____.

Accepted Answer

The primary cause of death from an overdose of opioids is respiratory depression. Opioids suppress the body's urge to breathe, leading to hypoxia and potentially fatal outcomes if not treated promptly.

Question 16

Which opioid represents the gold standard for opioid analgesics?

Accepted Answer

Morphine is considered the gold standard among opioid analgesics due to its efficacy in pain management and its use as a reference point for comparing the potency and effectiveness of other opioids.

Question 17

What percent of individuals addicted to opioids have an antisocial personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percent of individuals addicted to opioids...

Question 18

As a chronic user of heroin, Madelyn is at risk for ____.

Accepted Answer

Heroin use can suppress the immune system, making users more susceptible to infections and diseases due to the reduced ability of the body to fight off pathogens.

Question 19

Peripheral opioid receptors are located in which of the following physiological systems?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral opioid receptors are located in the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels.

Question 20

According to conditioned place preference and self administration studies described in the text (Popik and Kolasiewicz, 1999; LaLumiere and Kalivas, 2008), which neurotransmitter has an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate plays a significant role in the reinforcing effects of opioids, as indicated by conditioned place preference and self-administration studies. These studies suggest that the interaction between opioids and the glutamatergic system is crucial for the development of opioid addiction.

Quiz 10: Opioids

What were the results of a study by Spyraki and colleagues (1983) , in which they used a conditioned place preference procedure to study the effects of heroin administration in rats?