Question 1

MDMA's physiological effects resemble those of ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of MDMA's physiological effects resemble those of ____.
...

Question 2

Morley and McGregor (2000) used a social interaction test to study the effects of low dose MDMA on social interaction. What did they find?

Accepted Answer

Morley and McGregor (2000) found that low doses of MDMA led to a reduction in aggressive behaviors and an increase in social interactions among rats, indicating the drug's potential effects on enhancing sociability while reducing aggression.

Question 3

Graduate student Michelle designs an experiment to study the reinforcing properties of MDMA and methamphetamine. According to a study by Fantegrossi and colleagues (2002), what results is Michelle most likely to obtain?

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Fantegrossi et al. (2002), MDMA is likely to have weaker reinforcing effects than methamphetamine. This is because methamphetamine typically shows stronger reinforcing properties, which are associated with its high potential for abuse and addiction.

Question 4

How does MDMA influence serotonin neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

MDMA primarily increases serotonin levels by causing the reversal of serotonin reuptake transporters, which leads to an increase in serotonin in the synaptic cleft. It also inhibits the transport of serotonin into storage vesicles, contributing to its increased availability.

Question 5

Chronic administration of MDMA can produce severe damage to ____ neurons.

Accepted Answer

Chronic administration of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, can produce severe damage to serotonin neurons. MDMA is known to cause long-term neurotoxic effects on serotonergic neurons in the brain, leading to various psychological and cognitive issues.

Question 6

MDMA users prefer to administer MDMA ____.

Accepted Answer

MDMA is most commonly taken orally, either in pill or powder form, because this method is considered more convenient and socially acceptable among users. Additionally, oral administration allows for a more predictable onset and duration of effects compared to other methods.

Question 7

What is the evidence to support that MDMA use leads to increased death of serotonin receptors in humans?

Accepted Answer

PET imaging techniques reveal lower levels of serotonin membrane transporters in routine MDMA users.

Question 8

Sebastian takes a hit of acid. As birds chirp outside his window, Sebastian listens in astonishment at the beautiful orchestral-like symphony of sounds. The phenomenon that best describes this is ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sebastian takes a hit of acid. As...

Question 9

A random, short, and nondistressing memory of a previous hallucinogenic experience is referred to as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

Flashbacks are sudden, usually non-distressing, recollections of sensations or experiences from a past hallucinogenic drug experience. They can occur without warning and are not necessarily related to the use of the drug at the time of the flashback.

Question 10

Which is an example of a mixed stimulant-psychedelic drug?

Accepted Answer

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, is considered a mixed stimulant-psychedelic drug because it produces both stimulant effects, such as increased energy and euphoria, and psychedelic effects, such as enhanced sensory perception.

Question 11

Research associate Dr. Pohl studies the effects of MDMA on serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission. While composing a scientific abstract, Dr. Pohl states that MDMA ____.

Accepted Answer

MDMA is known to have a stronger effect on serotonin neurotransmission than on dopamine neurotransmission. This is because MDMA primarily increases the release of serotonin and to a lesser extent affects dopamine and norepinephrine.

Question 12

Karyn ingests a low dose of MDMA. What physiological effects should Karyn expect?

Accepted Answer

MDMA at low doses typically results in very few physiological effects, as it primarily affects mood and perception rather than causing significant changes in cardiovascular or respiratory functions.

Question 13

Which statement provides the best historical account of the emergence of MDMA use?

Accepted Answer

MDMA gained popularity in the 1970s and 1980s when chemists and enthusiasts developed and shared synthesis methods, leading to its use as a club drug.

Question 14

Thor takes a high dose of MDMA. What physiological changes can he expect?

Accepted Answer

MDMA typically stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in breathing rate among other effects like increased heart rate and body temperature.

Question 15

Although MDMA is best known for its psychedelic and psychostimulant effects, it is also known as an entactogen, meaning "____."

Accepted Answer

Entactogen is derived from the roots "en" (within), "tactus" (touch), and "gen" (produce), literally meaning "touching within." This term is used to describe the effect of MDMA that enhances feelings of empathy and connectedness.

Question 16

A recurring, lengthy, and unpleasant memory from a previous hallucinogenic experience is referred to as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A recurring, lengthy, and unpleasant memory from...

Question 17

Karyn ingests a low dose of MDMA. What subjective effects should Karyn expect?

Accepted Answer

MDMA is a stimulant that can cause racing thoughts.

Question 18

Stephanie has been taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat her depression. While clubbing one night, her friend convinces her to try MDMA. What type of interaction will the SSRIs and the MDMA have in the body?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stephanie has been taking selective serotonin reuptake...

Question 19

Zeik is tripping on acid. In the corner of his dorm room he perceives an entanglement of grotesque figures. The phenomenon that best describes this is ____.

Accepted Answer

True hallucinations involve perceiving something that isn't there without any external stimulus, which aligns with Zeik's experience of seeing grotesque figures while under the influence of acid.

Question 20

After taking Ecstasy, Sheila experiences an empathogen effect. What is this effect?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced empathy refers to an increased sense of emotional and social connection to others, which is a common effect of taking Ecstasy (MDMA). This empathogen effect makes users feel more open, connected, and empathetic towards others.

Quiz 12: Psychedelic Drugs