Question 1

Children from affluent background are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Accepted Answer

Children from affluent backgrounds have access to more resources and opportunities, which can help them avoid engaging in delinquent behavior.

Question 2

Explain the rationale of the U.S.Supreme Court in forbidding the imposition of life without possibility of parole sentences for nonhomicidal offenses.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Up to two-thirds of youths will be rearrested and one-third will be reincarcerated within a few years after release.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a significant proportion of youths involved in the juvenile justice system face high rates of recidivism, with up to two-thirds being rearrested and about one-third reincarcerated within a few years after their release.

Question 4

What is the rationale behind confidentiality of juvenile court proceedings and records?

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Question 5

What was the substantive ruling in the U.S.Supreme Court case of Kent v.United States (1966)?

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Question 6

Explain the juvenile justice system goal of individualized justice for minors.

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Question 7

What are the three underlying principles of the juvenile courts?

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Question 8

The age rang for youth gang members is narrow, 18-20 years.

Accepted Answer

Youth gang members can range widely in age, often including individuals younger than 18 and extending into their mid-20s or older.

Question 9

List some of the acts that would be considered status offenses.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Some authors believe that the school-to-prison pipeline is grounded in racial discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The school-to-prison pipeline theory suggests that certain policies and practices push students, particularly those from marginalized communities, out of schools and into the criminal justice system, often highlighting racial discrimination as a foundational element.

Question 11

According to research, Hispanic youth fare worse in schools than African American youth.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that educational outcomes and challenges can vary widely within and across different ethnic groups, including Hispanic and African American youth. There is no definitive evidence to suggest that one group uniformly fares worse than the other in schools, as outcomes can be influenced by a multitude of factors including socioeconomic status, access to resources, and community support.

Question 12

A number of due process protections have been extended to juvenile offenders, such as the right to counsel, advance notice of charges, cross-examination of witnesses, and the privilege against self-incrimination.

Accepted Answer

These protections for juvenile offenders were established by the U.S. Supreme Court in a series of landmark cases, including In re Gault (1967), to ensure fairness and due process in juvenile court proceedings.

Question 13

What standard of proof did the U.S.Supreme Court clarify for juvenile court case In Re Winship?

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Question 14

Which due process rights were extended to juvenile offenders in the case of In Re Gault?

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Question 15

A civil gang injunction is a court order issued in a civil case against a criminal street gang and its members to prohibit certain behavior within a defined safety zone.

Accepted Answer

A civil gang injunction is indeed a legal tool used by law enforcement and prosecutors to restrict the activities of gang members within a specific area, often referred to as a safety zone, by prohibiting them from engaging in certain behaviors that are believed to contribute to the gang's criminal activity.

Question 16

In the case of J.d.b.v.North Carolina, the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that when questioning juveniles at school without parents present, the police do not have to read youths their Miranda rights.

Accepted Answer

In J.D.B. v. North Carolina, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the age of a child subjected to police questioning is relevant to the Miranda custody analysis, meaning that a child's age properly informs the Miranda custody analysis, but it did not rule that police do not have to read youths their Miranda rights when questioning them at school without parents present.

Question 17

In Breed v.Jones (1975), the Court concluded that the Fifth Amendment protected juveniles from double jeopardy, or being tried twice for the same offense.

Accepted Answer

In Breed v. Jones (1975), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that trying a juvenile in juvenile court and then trying them again in adult court for the same offense violated the Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy.

Question 18

What is one of the benefits of the demise of the life without parole sentence for juvenile youth?

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Question 19

Elucidate the sanction of residential placement in the juvenile court system.

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Question 20

The movement or assigning of a juvenile offender to an adult court is referred to as remand.

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Quiz 15: Juvenile Justice: Philosophy, Law, and Practices