Question 1

If highly hypnotizable people are no better than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music, this would most clearly challenge

Accepted Answer

Dissociation theory suggests that hypnosis involves a splitting apart of consciousness or awareness, allowing individuals to focus on one task while ignoring others. If highly hypnotizable people are not better than others at performing multiple tasks simultaneously, this challenges the dissociation theory. The other answer choices are not directly related to hypnosis or multitasking. Dissociation theory suggests that highly hypnotizable people can effectively divide their attention and access different levels of consciousness at the same time, however, if they are no better than others at performing a simple task that requires divided attention such as reading a book and listening to music at the same time, it challenges the dissociation theory.

Question 2

For those with alcohol dependence, when alcohol use is suspended, this leads to

Accepted Answer

When alcohol use is suspended for those with alcohol dependence, it often leads to withdrawal symptoms such as tremors, insomnia, anxiety, and even seizures. Dissociation, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea are not typically associated with alcohol withdrawal.

Question 3

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is known as selective attention. Blindsight refers to the ability of visually impaired individuals to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them. Self-consciousness involves being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Change blindness is the phenomenon where individuals fail to notice significant changes in their environment. Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called selective attention. Blindsight refers to the phenomenon of being able to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, self-consciousness is the awareness of oneself as an individual entity, and change blindness is the failure to detect changes in a visual scene.

Question 4

Exposure to bright light causes the

Accepted Answer

Exposure to bright light causes the pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep cycles.

Question 5

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that everyone dreams, even if they do not remember their dreams. If Lance insists that he never dreams, it is possible that he simply doesn't remember his dreams upon waking. However, if he were awakened during REM sleep (when most vivid dreams occur), he would likely report having a dream. Research suggests that people who claim they do not dream actually do, they just do not remember their dreams. If Lance were awakened during REM sleep, which is when most vivid dreams occur, he would likely report having a dream.

Question 6

During REM sleep, your skeletal muscles are relaxed because messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, muscles are relaxed because of the blockade of messages from the motor cortex by the brainstem. During REM sleep, messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the brainstem, which prevents us from physically acting out our dreams.

Question 7

Hypnosis involves a state of

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is characterized by a heightened state of suggestibility, which allows the hypnotist to influence the thoughts and behaviors of the hypnotized individual. While some physical changes may accompany hypnosis, such as muscle relaxation, the primary focus is on suggestibility rather than physiological changes. Perceptual skills and autonomic arousal may also be affected by hypnosis, but again, the emphasis is on suggestibility rather than these specific outcomes. Hypnosis is characterized by a heightened openness to suggestion, which is why it has been used therapeutically to help individuals overcome various issues such as smoking, anxiety, and phobias. While some individuals may experience physical changes such as relaxation or changes in autonomic arousal during hypnosis, these are not universal experiences and do not define the state of hypnosis itself. Similarly, while some individuals may report improved perceptual skills during hypnosis, this is not a defining feature of the state.

Question 8

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Bed-wetting typically occurs during the deepest stage of non-REM sleep, also known as NREM-3 or slow-wave sleep. Bed-wetting is most likely to occur during NREM-3 sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep, which is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep. During this stage, the body is in a state of deep relaxation, and the bladder muscles may relax as well, leading to bed-wetting. Bed-wetting is less likely to occur during other stages of sleep, such as NREM-1 or NREM-2, and is very unlikely to occur during REM sleep.

Question 9

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

Morphine and heroin are both types of opiates, which act on the brain to relieve pain and produce feelings of euphoria. They are highly addictive and can lead to serious health risks, including overdose and other dangerous side effects. Morphine and heroin are both opiates, which are a type of drug that act on the central nervous system to relieve pain and produce feelings of euphoria. They are derived from the opium poppy and are highly addictive.

Question 10

Most college students are "owls," with performance ________ across the day. Most older adults are "larks," with performance ________ as the day progresses.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that most college students tend to be "owls," meaning they perform better later in the day, whereas most older adults tend to be "larks," meaning they perform better earlier in the day. Therefore, the best choice is A, as college students' performance is improving across the day, whereas older adults' performance is declining as the day progresses. According to the information given, college students are owls with performance improving across the day, while older adults are larks with performance declining as the day progresses. Therefore, the best choice is A, where performance is improving for owls (college students) and declining for larks (older adults).

Question 11

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

Accepted Answer

As we age, our bodies produce less growth hormone, which is responsible for deep sleep. Therefore, older adults spend less time in deep sleep, in comparison to when they were younger. As we age, our deep sleep decreases and we spend more time in lighter stages of sleep. This means that we spend less time in stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) and more time in stages 1 and 2 (light sleep). So, compared to when they were 20 years old, 60-year-olds spend less time in deep sleep, as option A states.

Question 12

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jordanna has decided to go to bed...

Question 13

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Hypnagogic sensations, such as the feeling of falling or sudden muscle contractions, occur during the transition from wakefulness to NREM-1 sleep. Hypnagogic sensations occur during the transition period from wakefulness to sleep, which occurs during NREM-1 sleep.

Question 14

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and increase alertness, attention, and cognitive functioning. It also decreases appetite by suppressing the release of the hunger hormone ghrelin. Alcohol and heroin have effects that are mostly sedative, and ghrelin actually increases appetite. Nicotine triggers the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and metabolism. This leads to increased alertness and decreased appetite.

Question 15

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines are stimulants that can enhance physical performance and are commonly used by athletes to boost endurance and focus. Morphine derivatives and barbiturates are depressants and would actually impair performance, while marijuana can have various effects that may not necessarily improve performance. Amphetamines are stimulant drugs that can improve endurance and reduce fatigue, making them commonly used by athletes. Morphine derivatives and barbiturates are more commonly used as painkillers and sedatives, respectively, and would not provide the same performance-enhancing effects. Marijuana is also not typically associated with improved athletic performance.

Question 16

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized...

Question 17

Circadian rhythm refers to

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm refers to a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. This includes cycles of sleeping and waking, fluctuations in body temperature, and variations in hormone production.

Question 18

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that involves sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep. It is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. Mr. Reid's sudden lapse into REM sleep during a heated argument with his teenage daughter suggests that he has narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often triggered by strong emotions such as laughter or anger. Mr. Reid's sudden transition into REM sleep during a heated argument is indicative of narcolepsy. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, sleep apnea is marked by pauses in breathing during sleep, and REM rebound refers to the increased duration and intensity of REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation. None of these disorders would explain Mr. Reid's sudden onset of REM sleep during a heated argument.

Question 19

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

Accepted Answer

Freud distinguished between the manifest content, or the consciously remembered aspects of a dream, and the latent content, or the underlying, unconscious meaning of the dream. According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream is its manifest content, which is distinct from its latent content or underlying unconscious meaning.

Question 20

Compared with adults, children are

Accepted Answer

Children are more likely to experience both night terrors and sleepwalking compared to adults due to their developing nervous systems and sleep patterns.

Quiz 3: Nature,nurture and Human Diversity