Question 1

Researchers adhere to ethical guidelines by allowing students who don't want to participate in an experiment the option ofchoosing a different activity to fulfill the class requirement or toget extra credit.

Accepted Answer

Allowing participants to have a choice is an important aspect of ethical guidelines in research. In this case, students who don't want to participate in the experiment are given an alternative option to fulfill the class requirement or gain extra credit.

Question 2

A noninvasive technique that produces detailed images of thebrain using electromagnetic signals generated by the brain inresponse to magnetic fields is called magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI).

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain without using ionizing radiation, making it a noninvasive technique. The magnetic fields cause the protons in the body's water molecules to align and then emit electromagnetic signals, which are detected by the MRI machine and used to create images of the brain's structures and functions.

Question 3

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non invasiveprocedure that produces detailed images of the brain using electromagnetic signals that track changes in metabolic activity.

Accepted Answer

fMRI uses electromagnetic signals to track changes in metabolic activity, producing detailed images of the brain without invasive procedures.

Question 4

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during...

Question 5

Brain-imaging techniques, such as PET scans, MRI, and fMRI,provide extremely accurate and detailed images of the brainand have virtually no known limitations.

Accepted Answer

While brain-imaging techniques provide extremely accurate and detailed images, they do have limitations. For example, PET scans involve the use of radioactive tracers, which can have potential health risks. MRI and fMRI may be limited in their ability to detect neuronal activity in deep brain structures. Additionally, these techniques can be expensive and not easily accessible to everyone.

Question 6

Students who are enrolled in a psychology class can be forced to participate in experiments and other types of research as part of the course requirements.

Accepted Answer

Students cannot be forced to participate in experiments; ethical guidelines require voluntary participation and informed consent in research.

Question 7

"Informed consent" in a psychology experiment means that the research participants understand the nature of the study andthat they are free to withdraw from the research at any time.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent involves providing research participants with all relevant information about the study and giving them the option to withdraw at any time without penalty or consequence.

Question 8

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one type of brain-imaging technology discussed in Focus on Neuroscience, alongwith MRI, fMRI, and PET scans.

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, not a brain-imaging technology. MRI, fMRI, and PET scans are imaging technologies.

Question 9

The use of deception in psychology experiments has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the1960s.

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) has not banned the use of deception in psychology experiments; instead, it has established ethical guidelines to ensure that deception is used responsibly and only when necessary.

Question 10

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in Focus onNeuroscience include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct statement according to the information given in the sentence.

Question 11

Nonhuman animal participants are used in the vast majority of psychological studies conducted each year in this country.

Accepted Answer

While animal research is conducted in psychology, it is not the "vast majority" of studies. In fact, there is increasing pressure to minimize animal research and find alternative methods. Human participants are typically the focus of psychological research.

Question 12

If a student is enrolled in a psychology class, then it is unnecessary to obtain an informed consent from the person ifhe or she is taking part in an experiment that is a requirement of the class.

Accepted Answer

Even if the person is a student enrolled in the psychology class, obtaining informed consent is still necessary as it is a requirement for ethical research practices.

Question 13

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an invasive imaging technique that provides color-coded images of brain activity bytracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged compound,such as glucose, oxygen, or other substances.

Accepted Answer

PET is indeed an invasive imaging technique that tracks brain activity by using a radioactively tagged compound such as glucose or oxygen.

Question 14

When a student participates as a research subject to fulfill a course requirement, the student must be given a choice of an alternative activity to fulfill the course requirement.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the principle of voluntary participation and is a standard ethical practice in research involving human subjects. Students cannot be coerced or forced into being research subjects and must have the option to opt out with an alternative activity.

Question 15

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an invasive imaging technique that provides color-coded images of brain activity by tracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged compound,such as glucose, oxygen, or other substances.

Accepted Answer

MRI is actually a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures. It does not involve the use of radioactive substances.

Question 16

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species.

Accepted Answer

Comparative psychology is indeed the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species in order to understand similarities and differences between their behavior and that of humans.

Question 17

The idea that brain imaging may add little to explanations of psychological processes and are not necessarily more"scientific" than other approaches psychologists take are two ofthe limitations listed in Focus on Neuroscience.

Accepted Answer

The Focus on Neuroscience section in psychology acknowledges that brain imaging may have limitations in adding to explanations of psychological processes and that it is not necessarily a more scientific approach than other methods used by psychologists.

Question 18

Psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill violated basic research ethics by exposing students to the harmful effects of video games.

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence or information to suggest that Craig Anderson and Karen Dill exposed students to the harmful effects of video games in a way that violated basic research ethics. In fact, their research has been subject to ethical review and approval by institutional review boards.

Question 19

Although the American Psychological Association publishes guidelines governing the treatment of humans in psychological research, it does not have similar guidelines governing the use of animals in psychological research.

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association does have guidelines governing the use of animals in psychological research, called the Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Animals.

Question 20

Comparative psychology studies the behavior of children and adults and compares their differences over the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Comparative psychology studies the behavior of animals and compares their differences across species, not the behavior of children and adults over the lifespan.

Quiz 1: Introductionand Research Methods