Question 1

Regarding virtual reality exposure, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality exposure is not a type of aversion therapy. Aversion therapy involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus (such as an electric shock or a bad taste) with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. Virtual reality exposure is a form of exposure therapy, which involves gradually exposing clients to anxiety-provoking stimuli in a controlled and safe environment in order to reduce their anxiety over time.

Question 2

Sarento's fear of flying is treated by exposing him to a three-dimensional, computer-generated "world" in which he can experience walking onto a plane, being seated, and taking off.This computerized environment that responds to a viewer's head movements and other inputs is part of a behavioral therapy known as

Accepted Answer

The computer-generated environment used to treat Sarento's fear of flying is part of virtual reality exposure therapy, which aims to desensitize individuals to anxiety-provoking situations by gradually exposing them to those situations in a controlled, safe environment.

Question 3

In order to treat his posttraumatic stress disorder, Tony is undergoing a treatment in which he is asked to visualize the images that most upset him while the therapist moves a pencil rapidly from side to side in front of his eyes.He is then asked to describe any memories, feelings, or thoughts that emerge.Tony is undergoing

Accepted Answer

Tony is undergoing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which involves visualizing traumatic images while the therapist moves a pencil rapidly from side to side in front of the eyes. This therapy is specifically designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by helping individuals process traumatic memories and reduce their emotional impact.

Question 4

Which of the following has been used to create immersive distracting environments in order to help patients reduce their experience of pain?

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality exposure has been used to create immersive distracting environments in order to help patients reduce their experience of pain. This technique involves immersing the patient in a computer-generated environment that distracts them from the pain they are experiencing, allowing them to focus on the virtual environment instead.

Question 5

Kira has experienced anxiety-provoking flashbacks from her tour of duty in Iraq.The therapist has Kira think about these upsetting thoughts, while the therapist moves a pencil back and forth rapidly in front of her eyes.This technique is known as

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the scenario is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), in which the client focuses on a distressing memory while following the therapist's finger or a moving object with their eyes. This technique has been used successfully to treat individuals with PTSD and other trauma-related disorders. Choice A, therapeutic hypnosis, involves inducing a trance-like state in the client for therapeutic purposes and is not specifically focused on trauma. Choice B, covert sensitization, is a behavioral technique used to eliminate unwanted behaviors by associating them with negative consequences, and is not typically used in the treatment of PTSD. Choice C, ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), involves inducing a seizure through electrical stimulation of the brain and is primarily used to treat severe depression and other mental illnesses, rather than PTSD.

Question 6

Patti's therapist has her put on a head-mounted video display.Through this procedure, Patti will enter a three-dimensional world in which she will be driving in a rain storm, across bridges, and at night.She will be gradually exposed to these situations, in a realistic yet controlled fashion.Patti's therapist is using

Accepted Answer

Patti's therapist is using virtual reality exposure, which involves exposing the patient to a simulated environment in a controlled manner to help them confront anxiety-inducing situations. This technique is commonly used in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.

Question 7

Dr.Francine Shapiro's technique for treating traumatic memories and posttraumatic stress is called

Accepted Answer

Dr. Francine Shapiro's technique for treating traumatic memories and posttraumatic stress is called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

Question 8

Tommy's therapist has him put on a head-mounted video display.Through this procedure, Tommy can re-experience the trauma of his Humvee being destroyed by an improvised explosive device complete with all the sights, sounds, vibrations, and even smells.Successive presentations such as this will help reduce Tommy's posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.Tommy is undergoing

Accepted Answer

Tommy is undergoing virtual reality exposure therapy, which involves re-experiencing the traumatic event in a controlled environment through a head-mounted video display. This technique helps desensitize the individual to the triggers associated with the trauma and reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an operant conditioning procedure used in behavior modification?

Accepted Answer

Aversion is a type of classical conditioning procedure that involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior in the future. The other options (extinction, shaping, and time out) are all operant conditioning procedures commonly used in behavior modification.

Question 10

Virtual reality exposure refers to

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality exposure involves the presentation of feared stimuli in a three-dimensional, computer-generated world. This technique has been found to be effective in treating phobias and anxiety disorders. Option A describes the technique of modeling, while option B describes imaginal exposure. Option D is a general statement that does not describe virtual reality exposure accurately.

Question 11

To treat her fear of heights, Marla's therapist is having Marla wear a head-mounted video display that will allow her to entera computer-generated, three-dimensional "world" that will simulate the sights, sounds, and other sensations of standing on a balcony and looking out over the city during the day and at night or down to the sidewalk below.This use of virtual reality in treating phobias is considered a type of

Accepted Answer

This use of virtual reality in treating phobias is considered a type of exposure therapy. The patient is gradually exposed to their fear in a safe and controlled environment in order to reduce their anxiety and fear response.

Question 12

Jan has a fear of riding across bridges.In order to get her over her phobia, she is asked to imagine a series of increasingly distressing images involving her riding in a car across increasingly longer bridges.The most distressing being imagining herself driving across the Lake Pontchartrain Bridge to her cousin's house.This procedure is a type of

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in the scenario is an example of desensitization, where Jan is gradually exposed to the fear-provoking stimulus (crossing bridges) in a controlled and safe manner until she becomes desensitized to it.

Question 13

Shaping, time out, and extinction are three principles of

Accepted Answer

Shaping, time out, and extinction are all principles of operant conditioning, which is a type of learning that focuses on the consequences of behavior. Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior, time out involves removing the reinforcing aspect of an environment in response to negative behavior, and extinction involves withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, which leads to a decrease in that behavior over time. The other options (A, C, and D) do not involve these specific principles.

Question 14

Which of the following is a technique for reducing fear or anxiety that is based on holding upsetting thoughts in mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side?

Accepted Answer

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a therapy technique that involves holding upsetting thoughts in mind while rapidly moving the eyes from side to side. This is believed to help reduce the emotional intensity of the thoughts and associated anxiety or fear.

Question 15

The most common way of doing desensitization involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common way of doing desensitization...

Question 16

Regarding EMDR, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

EMDR does not involve a modified version of therapeutic hypnosis, rather it involves a series of eye movements or other bilateral stimulation while the client focuses on the traumatic memory or negative belief. Therefore, statement C is false, and the correct answer is C. Statements A, B, and D are true.

Question 17

The client is asked to visualize the images that most upset her or him.At the same time, a pencil (or other object)is moved rapidly from side to side in front of the person's eyes.Watching the moving object causes the person's eyes to dart swiftly back and forth.After about 30 seconds, clients describe any memories, feelings, and thoughts that emerged and discuss them with the therapist.These steps are repeated until troubling thoughts and emotions no longer surface.This procedure is known as

Accepted Answer

This procedure is known as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), a therapeutic technique widely used for treating trauma, anxiety, and other emotional disorders. The eye movements help the brain to process the disturbing memories and make them less overwhelming.

Question 18

The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing technique was developed by

Accepted Answer

The eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) technique was developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s.

Question 19

A patient is asked to concentrate on the thoughts that most upset her.At the same time, she is asked to watch a moving pencil.The patient is probably being treated with

Accepted Answer

The patient is likely receiving eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, which involves focusing on upsetting thoughts while also engaging in a task that stimulates bilateral eye movement (such as watching a moving pencil). This therapy is believed to help process traumatic memories and reduce associated distress.

Question 20

Learning based on the consequences of making a response is called

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a type of learning that involves modifying behavior through the use of consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment. It is also known as instrumental conditioning, in which an individual learns to associate a particular behavior with a particular consequence.

Quiz 15: Therapies.