Question 1

The Moro reflex occurs when the
A) baby is rooting or nursing.
B) bottom of a baby's foot is stroked.
C) baby is startled.
D) baby is held under his or her arms as if standing.

Accepted Answer

The Moro reflex is also known as the startle reflex, and occurs when a baby is suddenly startled or feels as if it's falling. This reflex causes the baby to throw their arms out to the side and then bring them back toward their body in a hugging motion.

Question 2

Bobby touches his newborn brother's palm, and his little brother takes hold of Bobby's finger and will not let go.This is known as the __________ reflex.
A) grasping
B) rooting
C) Babinski
D) Moro

Accepted Answer

The grasping reflex is when a newborn will automatically grasp onto an object that touches their palm. This is the most appropriate reflex for the scenario described since the newborn is grasping onto Bobby's finger. The rooting reflex is when a newborn turns their head towards something that touches their cheek and is seeking food. The Babinski reflex is when a newborn's toes fan out and curl up in response to stroking the sole of their foot. The Moro reflex is when a newborn startles in response to a sudden movement or noise.

Question 3

Which of the following reflexes are related to feeding?
A) Moro and rooting reflexes
B) rooting and sucking reflexes
C) Moro and sucking reflexes
D) Babinski and orienting reflexes

Accepted Answer

The rooting and sucking reflexes are both related to feeding. The rooting reflex helps the infant locate the breast or bottle, while the sucking reflex allows them to suck and swallow milk. The Moro reflex is a startle response and is not related to feeding, while the Babinski and orienting reflexes are related to motor and sensory development.

Question 4

If an infant is startled by a loud sound or if his or her position is abruptly changed, the infant will make movements similar to an embrace.This is called the __________ reflex.
A) grasping
B) rooting
C) Babinski
D) Moro

Accepted Answer

The startle reflex described in the question is the Moro reflex. The other reflexes listed (grasping, rooting, and Babinski) do not involve similar movements in response to sudden changes in position or loud sounds.

Question 5

When a nipple touches the infant's mouth, rhythmic nursing occurs.This rhythmic nursing is known as the __________ reflex.
A) rooting
B) sucking
C) grasping
D) Moro

Accepted Answer

The reflex that causes rhythmic nursing when a nipple touches an infant's mouth is called the sucking reflex. The rooting reflex involves the infant turning towards the source of touch on their cheek, while the grasping reflex causes the infant to grip onto objects placed in their palm. The Moro reflex is a startle reflex in response to a sudden loud noise or change in position.

Question 6

If a mother smokes heavily during pregnancy, it is more likely that the infant will be born
A) with a cleft palate.
B) premature and underweight.
C) addicted to nicotine.
D) with facial abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy can lead to premature birth and low birth weight in the infant.

Question 7

If touched on the cheek, neonates will turn their head in that direction.This is called the
A) Moro reflex.
B) rooting reflex.
C) orientation response.
D) Babinski response.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is the response where neonates turn their head in the direction of touch on their cheek. The Moro reflex involves startle response to sudden movement or loss of support, the orientation response refers to the way an individual initially reacts to a new environment, and the Babinski response is the extension of the big toe and fanning out of other toes when the sole of the foot is stimulated.

Question 8

Jeremy is an infant, who is sitting in his high chair, when his big brother runs into the kitchen from the backyard and slams the door.Little Jeremy reacts to this loud noise by throwing his arms out into a hugging motion.Little Jeremy's reaction illustrates
A) the Moro reflex.
B) the Babinski reflex.
C) an insecure ambivalent attachment to his brother.
D) a secure attachment to his brother.

Accepted Answer

The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is a natural response in infants to sudden loud noises or movements. It is characterized by the infant extending their arms, legs, and fingers and then bringing them back toward their body in a hugging motion. This reflex is present in most infants from birth until around 4-6 months of age. Therefore, little Jeremy's reaction to the loud noise by throwing his arms out into a hugging motion is most likely the result of the Moro reflex.

Question 9

Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?
A) Moro reflex
B) rooting reflex
C) Babinski reflex
D) grasping reflex

Accepted Answer

The grasping reflex is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling. The Moro reflex is elicited by a sudden loss of support, the rooting reflex is elicited by stroking the cheek, and the Babinski reflex is elicited by stroking the sole of the foot.

Question 10

Compared to an adult, the brain of a newborn baby has
A) significantly more dendrites and synapses.
B) slightly more dendrites and synapses.
C) fewer dendrites and synapses.
D) the same number of dendrites and synapses.

Accepted Answer

The brain of a newborn baby has fewer dendrites and synapses compared to an adult. This is because the brain undergoes significant development and growth during the first few years of life, during which time it creates and strengthens connections between neurons, resulting in the formation of more dendrites and synapses.

Question 11

When a nipple touches the infant's mouth, the sucking reflex helps the infant obtain needed food.Like other reflexes, this is a(n)__________ action.
A) completely learned
B) teratogenic
C) transformational
D) genetically programmed

Accepted Answer

The sucking reflex is a genetically programmed action, meaning it is an innate behavior that is present at birth and does not require prior learning or experience.

Question 12

Babies of mothers who smoked heavily during pregnancy do NOT show which of the following characteristics?
A) being overweight
B) having lower scores on tests of language and mental ability
C) being more likely to be miscarried or to die soon after birth
D) receiving significantly less oxygen during prenatal development

Accepted Answer

Babies of mothers who smoked heavily during pregnancy are more likely to have lower birth weights, not to be overweight. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various negative outcomes, including lower scores on cognitive tests, increased risk of miscarriage or neonatal death, and reduced oxygen supply to the fetus, but not with being overweight.

Question 13

Which reflex helps a baby find a bottle nipple or breast?
A) rooting
B) Babinski
C) grasping
D) Moro

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is the only reflex listed that is related to finding a nipple or breast for feeding. It is a natural reflex that infants are born with, where they turn their head and open their mouth in the direction of something that touches or strokes their cheek or mouth, in order to find a nipple or breast to suck on for nourishment.

Question 14

Regarding the grasping reflex, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The grasping reflex is considered an adaptive infant reflex.
B) The grasping reflex aids survival by helping infants avoid falling.
C) The grasping reflex is elicited for the first time as a baby attempts to stand by holding onto objects.
D) The grasping reflex can be so strong that many infants can hang from a raised bar, like little trapeze artists.

Accepted Answer

The grasping reflex is elicited for the first time when an object is placed into a baby's hand, not when a baby attempts to stand. Therefore, statement C is false. Statements A, B, and D are true.

Question 15

Smoking during pregnancy causes all of the following EXCEPT
A) a reduction in oxygen to the fetus.
B) an increased risk of miscarriage and prematurity.
C) the occurrence of facial abnormalities.
D) lowering of the children's language and mental ability scores.

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy has been linked to a reduction in oxygen to the fetus, an increased risk of miscarriage and prematurity, and lowering of the children's language and mental ability scores. However, it does not cause facial abnormalities in the fetus.

Question 16

Regarding infancy, which of the following statements is FALSE?​
A) ​At no other time after birth does development proceed as rapidly as in infancy.
B) ​If an infant's position is changed abruptly, or if he or she is startled by a loud noise, the baby will exhibit the rooting reflex.
C) ​By their third year, babies are usually able to stand, walk, talk, and explore.
D) ​Once a baby is born, the environment becomes more important because it provides learning experiences that literally shape the infant's developing brain.

Accepted Answer

The statement in B is false because it describes the Moro reflex, not the rooting reflex. The rooting reflex is when an infant turns their head toward anything that strokes their cheek or mouth, searching for the object by moving their head in steadily decreasing arcs until the object is found. The Moro reflex, on the other hand, is an involuntary response to a feeling of falling or sudden loud noises, where the infant throws back its head, extends out the arms and legs, cries, then pulls the arms and legs back in.

Question 17

The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as
A) fixed action patterns.
B) instincts.
C) conditioned reflexes.
D) adaptive reflexes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of...

Question 18

Which of the following teratogens tends to greatly reduce oxygen to the fetus, increase the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight with surviving children showing lower scores on language and mental abilities tests?
A) German measles
B) maternal stress
C) exposure to X-rays
D) smoking by the mother

Accepted Answer

Smoking by the mother is known to greatly reduce oxygen to the fetus and increase the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. Surviving children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are also more likely to have lower scores on language and mental abilities tests.

Question 19

Regarding the capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A) Neonates can lift their heads.
B) Neonates can turn over.
C) Neonates are born with several adaptive reflexes.
D) Neonates are characterized by all of these skills.

Accepted Answer

Neonates are born with several adaptive reflexes such as rooting, sucking, and grasping. They are not capable of lifting their heads or turning over due to their underdeveloped muscles and lack of coordination.

Question 20

Lance is a newborn infant.During the first weeks following birth, Lance would be referred to as a(n)
A) embryo.
B) neonate.
C) zygote.
D) fetus.

Accepted Answer

A neonate refers to a newborn infant within the first few weeks after birth, while an embryo refers to the stage of prenatal development from conception to 8 weeks, a zygote refers to a fertilized egg before it has implanted in the uterus, and a fetus refers to the developing organism from the end of the eighth week after conception until birth.

Quiz 3: Human Development

The Moro reflex occurs when the

Bobby touches his newborn brother's palm, and his little brother takes hold of Bobby's finger and will not let go.This is known as the __________ reflex.

Which of the following reflexes are related to feeding?

If an infant is startled by a loud sound or if his or her position is abruptly changed, the infant will make movements similar to an embrace.This is called the __________ reflex.

When a nipple touches the infant's mouth, rhythmic nursing occurs.This rhythmic nursing is known as the __________ reflex.

If a mother smokes heavily during pregnancy, it is more likely that the infant will be born

If touched on the cheek, neonates will turn their head in that direction.This is called the

Jeremy is an infant, who is sitting in his high chair, when his big brother runs into the kitchen from the backyard and slams the door.Little Jeremy reacts to this loud noise by throwing his arms out into a hugging motion.Little Jeremy's reaction illustrates

Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?

Compared to an adult, the brain of a newborn baby has

When a nipple touches the infant's mouth, the sucking reflex helps the infant obtain needed food.Like other reflexes, this is a(n) __________ action.

Babies of mothers who smoked heavily during pregnancy do NOT show which of the following characteristics?

Which reflex helps a baby find a bottle nipple or breast?

Regarding the grasping reflex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Smoking during pregnancy causes all of the following EXCEPT

Regarding infancy, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as

Which of the following teratogens tends to greatly reduce oxygen to the fetus, increase the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight with surviving children showing lower scores on language and mental abilities tests?

Regarding the capabilities of the neonate, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Lance is a newborn infant.During the first weeks following birth, Lance would be referred to as a(n)