Question 1

Joe is usually very agreeable,and goes along with his friends' plans.Tonight,however,he tells his friends that he does not want to go with them to crash a party.Joe's friends accept his refusal to join them,because Joe usually goes along with the group.This is because Joe has

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits refer to the tolerance that people give to someone who deviates from the norms of the group, especially if the person has consistently gone along with the group in the past. In this scenario, Joe has earned enough idiosyncrasy credits by conforming to his friends' plans in the past, which allowed him to deviate from the norm and decline the party invitation without facing any negative consequences.

Question 2

Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee.Nine out of ten of the committee members hold the same opinions.However,one member,Laura,consistently deviates from the group's opinion.How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion?

Accepted Answer

Groups often first attempt to persuade dissenting members through increased communication. If persuasion fails, groups may resort to ignoring or punishing the dissenting member to enforce conformity.

Question 3

Cross-cultural replications of Solomon Asch's original (1951)conformity studies (in which participants gave public judgments of the lengths of lines),have revealed that

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural replications of Asch's conformity studies have shown that the level of conformity varies across cultures. For example, some collectivist cultures like Japan exhibit higher levels of conformity, while some individualistic cultures like the United States exhibit lower levels of conformity. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 4

When a member of a group violates a norm,others will first _______ him or her,and then eventually _______.

Accepted Answer

When a member of a group violates a norm, others will first try to persuade him or her to conform by explaining the importance of the norm and the consequences of violating it. If the individual still does not conform, then the group may reject him or her. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate answer. The other options are not entirely accurate or do not reflect the typical social response to norm violation.

Question 5

Martin and Randal (2009)found that people in a New Zealand art gallery contributed greater amounts when the transparent donation box was previously stacked with large bills rather than small bills and change.This study demonstrated

Accepted Answer

The study by Martin and Randal (2009) demonstrates the consequences of normative social influence, as individuals were more likely to donate larger amounts when they saw others before them leave larger bills in the donation box, suggesting a desire to conform to the perceived norm of generosity.

Question 6

Women's attempts to achieve the culturally ideal body through excessive dieting is an example of

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence refers to the process of conforming to peer pressure or societal expectations in order to fit in or gain social acceptance. In this case, women may feel pressured to conform to the culturally ideal body through excessive dieting in order to fit in or gain acceptance, making normative social influence the most applicable concept. Informational social influence, on the other hand, refers to conforming to others' opinions or behaviors because we believe they have more knowledge or experience than we do. Cultural impact and social impact theories do not directly apply to this example, and public acceptance is not a relevant concept in this context.

Question 7

A field study by Shultz and his colleagues (2007)attempted to get people to reduce their energy consumption.Consumers were given weekly feedback about the social norms for energy consumption in their neighbourhood and their own consumption levels relative to their neighbours.Based on this study,which technique below would prevent a "boomerang effect" from occurring if people were given such feedback.

Accepted Answer

The "boomerang effect" refers to the phenomenon where individuals who perform better than the norm (i.e., consume less energy) might increase their consumption upon learning they are doing better than their peers. Adding a smiley face to the bills of consumers who are below average in energy consumption serves as a positive reinforcement, encouraging them to maintain or further reduce their energy usage, thus preventing the boomerang effect.

Question 8

Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992)analyzed what people in 54 cultures considered to be the ideal female body: a heavy body,a body of moderate weight,or a slender body.They found that in cultures where _______,the _______ body was preferred.

Accepted Answer

In cultures where food supplies were unreliable, a heavier body was preferred as it was associated with health, fertility, and the ability to survive food shortages.

Question 9

The norm in your large psychology class is that students will remain quiet enough for others to hear the professor and one another during lectures and discussions.When you talk loudly to the person next to you and violate the "respect for others" norm,like the deviant in Stanley Schachter's "Johnny Rocco" study,you can expect that your classmates will first

Accepted Answer

The most likely initial response from classmates would be to ask the loud student to be quiet. This is a polite and direct way of addressing the violation of the social norm, and it gives the loud student the opportunity to correct their behavior without escalating the situation.

Question 10

What did Canadian Forces Master Seaman Biden,who spoke out against the Military's use of an outdated Anthrax virus,have in common with the deviant accomplice in Stanley Schacter's "Johnny Rocco" study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Canadian Forces Master Seaman Biden,who...

Question 11

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967)and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

Accepted Answer

According to J.W. Berry's research, members of collectivistic cultures (such as the Inuit fishing society) are more likely to respond positively to group conformity than individualistic cultures (such as Norwegian communities). Therefore, a member of an Inuit fishing society is most likely to respond positively to a group member's conformity.

Question 12

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011)found that the level of conformity in a culture was ________ related to ________.

Accepted Answer

Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was positively related to the level of pathogens in the country. This suggests that in environments with higher levels of pathogens, cultures tend to develop more conformist attitudes, possibly as a way to reduce the spread of disease.

Question 13

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986)conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

Accepted Answer

Brett Silverstein and colleagues found that there were remarkable changes in standards of beauty in North America during the twentieth century, indicating that beauty standards are not fixed and can shift over time.

Question 14

According to the authors of your text,in North America the sociocultural pressure for thinness in women and for a muscular physique for men is a potentially threatening form of _______ social influence.

Accepted Answer

The statement in the question points towards the pressure to conform to certain body ideals that are considered to be the norm in society. This type of pressure is known as normative social influence, where individuals conform to the perceived social norms or expectations to fit in or be accepted. The pressure to be thin for women and have a muscular physique for men are socially constructed norms that are reinforced through media, peer groups, and other sources of influence.

Question 15

According to Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992),why would a heavy female body be preferred in cultures where food supplies were scarce or unreliable?

Accepted Answer

In cultures where food supplies are scarce or unreliable, heavy women would be perceived as healthy and fertile because excess body fat would signal that she has access to enough food to sustain her and her potential offspring. This would make her a desirable mate and increase her reproductive success.

Question 16

Idiosyncrasy credits

Accepted Answer

Idiosyncrasy credits allow the holder to deviate from the norm occasionally without punishment from the group. This is useful for maintaining the balance between conformity and creativity within a group.option A, B, C, and D are incorrect as they don't correctly define the concept of idiosyncrasy credits.

Question 17

Persuasive messages about _______ are most likely to cause male participants to appear more conforming than female participants.

Accepted Answer

Persuasive messages about the importance of communication in relationships are more likely to cause male participants to appear more conforming than female participants because societal norms often emphasize communication as a key aspect of relationships, which may lead men to conform more to align with these expectations.

Question 18

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986)conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that standards of female beauty in North America fluctuated over time.These findings reveal the power of _______ to shape physical appearance.

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence refers to the influence of others that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them, which can shape standards of beauty over time.

Question 19

Persuasive arguments about _______ are most likely to cause female participants to appear less conforming than male participants.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women are more likely to engage in emotional self-disclosure than men, indicating a greater likelihood of non-conformity when presented with persuasive arguments about the importance of emotional self-disclosure.

Question 20

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _______ cultures value _______ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies have found that collectivist cultures, such as those in East Asia, value normative social influence more than informational social influence because it promotes social harmony and conformity with group norms. In contrast, individualistic cultures, such as those in Western countries, tend to prioritize informational social influence, seeking out expert opinions or objective information to guide their decisions rather than conforming to group norms.

Quiz 7: Conformity

Joe is usually very agreeable,and goes along with his friends' plans.Tonight,however,he tells his friends that he does not want to go with them to crash a party.Joe's friends accept his refusal to join them,because Joe usually goes along with the group.This is because Joe has

Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee.Nine out of ten of the committee members hold the same opinions.However,one member,Laura,consistently deviates from the group's opinion.How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion?

Cross-cultural replications of Solomon Asch's original (1951) conformity studies (in which participants gave public judgments of the lengths of lines) ,have revealed that

When a member of a group violates a norm,others will first _ him or her,and then eventually _.

Martin and Randal (2009) found that people in a New Zealand art gallery contributed greater amounts when the transparent donation box was previously stacked with large bills rather than small bills and change.This study demonstrated

Women's attempts to achieve the culturally ideal body through excessive dieting is an example of

Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992) analyzed what people in 54 cultures considered to be the ideal female body: a heavy body,a body of moderate weight,or a slender body.They found that in cultures where _,the _ body was preferred.

What did Canadian Forces Master Seaman Biden,who spoke out against the Military's use of an outdated Anthrax virus,have in common with the deviant accomplice in Stanley Schacter's "Johnny Rocco" study?

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was related to .

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

According to the authors of your text,in North America the sociocultural pressure for thinness in women and for a muscular physique for men is a potentially threatening form of _______ social influence.

According to Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992) ,why would a heavy female body be preferred in cultures where food supplies were scarce or unreliable?

Idiosyncrasy credits

Persuasive messages about _______ are most likely to cause male participants to appear more conforming than female participants.

Persuasive arguments about _______ are most likely to cause female participants to appear less conforming than male participants.

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _ cultures value _ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

Quiz 7: Conformity

Joe is usually very agreeable,and goes along with his friends' plans.Tonight,however,he tells his friends that he does not want to go with them to crash a party.Joe's friends accept his refusal to join them,because Joe usually goes along with the group.This is because Joe has

Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee.Nine out of ten of the committee members hold the same opinions.However,one member,Laura,consistently deviates from the group's opinion.How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion?

Cross-cultural replications of Solomon Asch's original (1951) conformity studies (in which participants gave public judgments of the lengths of lines) ,have revealed that

When a member of a group violates a norm,others will first _______ him or her,and then eventually _______.

Martin and Randal (2009) found that people in a New Zealand art gallery contributed greater amounts when the transparent donation box was previously stacked with large bills rather than small bills and change.This study demonstrated

Women's attempts to achieve the culturally ideal body through excessive dieting is an example of

Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992) analyzed what people in 54 cultures considered to be the ideal female body: a heavy body,a body of moderate weight,or a slender body.They found that in cultures where _______,the _______ body was preferred.

What did Canadian Forces Master Seaman Biden,who spoke out against the Military's use of an outdated Anthrax virus,have in common with the deviant accomplice in Stanley Schacter's "Johnny Rocco" study?

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was ________ related to ________.

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

According to the authors of your text,in North America the sociocultural pressure for thinness in women and for a muscular physique for men is a potentially threatening form of _______ social influence.

According to Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992) ,why would a heavy female body be preferred in cultures where food supplies were scarce or unreliable?

Idiosyncrasy credits

Persuasive messages about _______ are most likely to cause male participants to appear more conforming than female participants.

Persuasive arguments about _______ are most likely to cause female participants to appear less conforming than male participants.

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _______ cultures value _______ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

When a member of a group violates a norm,others will first _ him or her,and then eventually _.

Judith Anderson and her colleagues (1992) analyzed what people in 54 cultures considered to be the ideal female body: a heavy body,a body of moderate weight,or a slender body.They found that in cultures where _,the _ body was preferred.

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was related to .

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _ cultures value _ social influence because it promotes social harmony.