Question 1

Primary somatosensory cortex lies anterior to the central sulcus.

Accepted Answer

The primary somatosensory cortex lies posterior to the central sulcus, in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.

Question 2

What is the difference in the types of information processed by the primary auditory (A1), belt and parabelt regions of auditory cortex?

Accepted Answer

The primary auditory cortex (A1) processes basic auditory information such as pitch, loudness, and timing of sounds. The belt region of the auditory cortex processes more complex auditory information, such as the identification of specific sound features and the integration of auditory and visual information. The parabelt region is involved in higher-order processing of auditory information, including the recognition of complex sounds, such as speech and music, and the perception of spatial location of sounds. In summary, while A1 processes basic auditory information, the belt and parabelt regions of the auditory cortex are responsible for processing more complex and higher-order auditory information.

Question 3

What is tonotopy?

Accepted Answer

Spatial code for frequency in auditory system, from basilar membrane up to auditory cortex

Question 4

What is meant by the proposed "gating" function of neuronal oscillations?

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Question 5

What is a Fourier transform? How is this approximated by the basilar membrane?

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Question 6

What is the primary organizational principal of the somatosensory cortex?

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Question 7

What sense allows us to detect where different parts of the body are relative to one another?

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Question 8

What is plasticity? Give an example from somatosensation of plasticity in action.

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Question 9

Which brain region is primarily responsible for early auditory evoked potentials (AEPs)?

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Question 10

What is the primary job of the ossicles of the middle ear?

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Question 11

The cortical representation of the lips is larger than that of the knee.

Accepted Answer

The cortical representation of body parts in the somatosensory cortex is proportional to the sensitivity and functional importance of the part, not its size. The lips have a larger representation than the knee because they are more sensitive and involved in complex functions like speech and eating.

Question 12

Describe the sequence of events and critical anatomical substrates that transduce acoustic energy into a neural code.

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Question 13

What does a spectrogram display?

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Question 14

What is optogenetics?

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Question 15

What is a place code and how is it used by the basilar membrane?

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Question 16

What are the two most common types of hearing loss? Which can be helped with a hearing aid?

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Question 17

What causes inner hair cells to depolarize?

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Question 18

The base of the basilar membrane is located _____ to the oval window and responds more strongly to _____- frequency sounds.

Accepted Answer

The base of the basilar membrane is located close to the oval window and is more responsive to high-frequency sounds, reflecting the tonotopic organization of the cochlea.

Question 19

What is the sensory homunculus? What does it tell us about how different tissue is innervated?

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Question 20

What are the three classes of receptor types that underlie somatosensation?

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Quiz 4: Audition and Somatosensation