Question 1

The most common type of hearing loss, which results from interference of transmission of sound to the middle ear, is called:

Accepted Answer

Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles). This type of hearing loss can often be medically or surgically corrected.

Question 2

What is one of the major physical characteristics of the child with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

One of the major physical characteristics of children with Down syndrome is hypotonic musculature, meaning they often have decreased muscle tone compared to children without the condition. This can affect their motor skills and physical development.

Question 3

The nurse is assessing a neonate who was born 1 hour ago to healthy, white parents in their early 40s. Which of the following findings would be most suggestive of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Inner epicanthal folds are a common finding in neonates with Down syndrome.

Question 4

Appropriate interventions to facilitate socialization of the cognitively impaired child include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Appropriate interventions to facilitate socialization of the...

Question 5

When should children with cognitive impairment be referred for stimulation and educational programs?

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial for children with cognitive impairment to maximize their potential development and learning capabilities. Starting stimulation and educational programs as young as possible can lead to better outcomes.

Question 6

Mark, a 9-year-old with Down syndrome, is mainstreamed into a regular third grade for part of the school day. His mother asks the school nurse about programs, such as Cub Scouts, that he might join. The nurse's recommendation should be based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome, like all children, have a fundamental need for socialization. Participating in programs such as Cub Scouts can provide valuable opportunities for social interaction, skill development, and inclusion in the community. It is important to recognize and support the inclusion of children with disabilities in a wide range of activities to promote their social and personal development.

Question 7

Many of the physical characteristics of Down syndrome present nursing problems. Care of the child should include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome often have respiratory issues due to their anatomical differences, and using a cool-mist vaporizer can help keep their mucous membranes moist, reducing the risk of respiratory infections.

Question 8

A newborn assessment shows separated sagittal suture, oblique palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and transverse palmar creases. These findings are most suggestive of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

These features are characteristic of Down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

Question 9

The child with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which of the following before participating in some sports?

Accepted Answer

Atlantoaxial instability is a condition that can be present in individuals with Down syndrome, involving increased mobility between the first and second cervical vertebrae. This condition can increase the risk of spinal cord injury during activities that put stress on the neck, making it important to evaluate before allowing participation in certain sports.

Question 10

When caring for a newborn with Down syndrome, the nurse should be aware that the most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome is congenital heart disease. This includes conditions such as atrioventricular septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and tetralogy of Fallot.

Question 11

Fragile X syndrome is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is the second most common genetic cause of mental retardation after Down syndrome. It is an X-linked disorder, but it does not follow the typical pattern of X-linked recessive inheritance. It affects both males and females, though males are typically more severely affected.

Question 12

Which of the following is an implanted ear prosthesis for children with sensorineural hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants are electronic devices that bypass damaged hair cells in the cochlea and directly stimulate the auditory nerve, providing a sense of sound to individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 13

Which of the following should be the major consideration when selecting toys for a child who is mentally retarded?

Accepted Answer

Safety is the most important consideration when selecting toys for a child who is mentally retarded because these children may not be able to recognize or avoid hazards.

Question 14

When a child with mild mental retardation reaches the end of adolescence, which of the following characteristics would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A child with mild mental retardation typically achieves a mental age of 8 to 12 years by the end of adolescence, allowing them to acquire practical skills and some useful reading and arithmetic abilities.

Question 15

The nurse is discussing sexuality with the parents of an adolescent girl with moderate cognitive impairment. Which of the following should the nurse consider when dealing with this issue?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with cognitive impairment often benefit from clear, concrete guidelines regarding sexual behavior due to potential difficulties in understanding more abstract concepts. This approach helps them navigate their sexuality safely and appropriately. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are based on outdated or incorrect assumptions about individuals with cognitive impairment.

Question 16

A young child who has an intelligence quotient of 45 would be described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An intelligence quotient (IQ) of 45 falls into the category of moderate intellectual disability (formerly referred to as moderate mental retardation). Individuals in this category are considered trainable in terms of basic life skills and simple tasks but will likely require guidance and support.

Question 17

The nurse should suspect a hearing impairment in an infant who demonstrates which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Absence of babbling by age 7 months can indicate a hearing impairment, as babbling is a developmental milestone that relies on the ability to hear sounds.

Question 18

The nurse is talking with a 10-year-old boy who wears bilateral hearing aids. The left hearing aid is making an annoying whistling sound that the child cannot hear. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Suggesting the child reinsert the hearing aid is the most appropriate action because the whistling sound, often referred to as feedback, can occur if the hearing aid is not properly seated in the ear. Reinserting it can help ensure a proper fit and eliminate the feedback sound.

Question 19

Distortion of sound and problems in discrimination are characteristic of what type of hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by distortion of sound and difficulties in understanding speech, especially in noisy environments. This type of hearing loss occurs due to damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.

Question 20

Hearing is expressed in decibels (dB), or units of loudness. Which of the following is, in decibels, the softest sound a normal ear can hear?

Accepted Answer

The softest sound a normal ear can hear is defined as 0 decibels (dB), which is the threshold of hearing.

Quiz 19: Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family