Question 1

Michael is a premature newborn. His parents have recently brought him home from the hospital He cries frequently and is not easily consolable. What is most likely to be something that may benefit Michael's parents as they continue to care for their premature infant?
A) Meditation
B) Waiting until he matures
C) Letting him cry
D) Counseling

Accepted Answer

Counseling can provide support and strategies for parents to manage the stress and challenges of caring for a premature infant, helping them to better understand and respond to their baby's needs.

Question 2

Sarah is more than one week past the due date of her child's birth. Her doctor wants to induce labor. Which of the following medications will Sarah most likely receive?
A) Epidural analgesia
B) Anesthetic
C) Pitocin
D) Opioid

Accepted Answer

Pitocin, a synthetic form of oxytocin, is commonly used to induce labor by stimulating uterine contractions.

Question 3

Family members should know that reflexes are a way of interacting with their baby. Reflexes show that the baby's brain and body are operating the way that they should. Which is not a reflex?
A) Grasping
B) Crying
C) Stepping
D) Swallowing

Accepted Answer

Crying is not a reflex; it is a baby's way of communicating needs or discomfort, unlike grasping, stepping, and swallowing, which are automatic responses to specific stimuli.

Question 4

The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled by the uterus during the:
A) First stage of labor
B) Second stage of labor
C) Third stage of labor
D) Fourth stage of labor

Accepted Answer

The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled during the third stage of labor, which occurs after the baby is born and ends with the delivery of the placenta.

Question 5

A pregnant woman regularly uses cocaine and heroin throughout her pregnancy. Chances are that her baby will:
A) Have Down syndrome
B) Have Tay-Sachs disease
C) Be born late and have an exceptionally large head
D) Be born prematurely and show unusual irritability

Accepted Answer

Cocaine and heroin use during pregnancy can lead to premature birth and withdrawal symptoms in the newborn, such as unusual irritability, due to the baby's dependence on these substances developed in utero.

Question 6

Three of the following are sound words of advice for any pregnant woman. Which piece of advice is not sound?
A) Stop smoking.
B) Exercise regularly.
C) Stop taking all prescription medication immediately.
D) Stop drinking alcoholic beverages.

Accepted Answer

Stopping all prescription medication immediately without consulting a healthcare provider can be harmful. Some medications may be necessary for the health of the mother or baby, and discontinuing them abruptly can pose risks.

Question 7

In the days leading up to labor, which of the following is least likely to be experienced by the mother?
A) Increased time spent sleeping
B) Some loss of weight
C) Descent of the baby
D) Increased energy

Accepted Answer

Increased time spent sleeping is least likely because many women experience a burst of energy, often referred to as "nesting," rather than increased sleepiness just before labor begins.

Question 8

Three of the following are examples of teratogens. Which one is not a teratogen?
A) nicotine
B) whiskey
C) lead dust
D) loud noise

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are substances or factors that can cause congenital abnormalities or increase the incidence of developmental abnormalities in a fetus. Nicotine, whiskey, and lead dust are all known teratogens that can harm fetal development. Loud noise, however, is not classified as a teratogen as it does not cause congenital abnormalities or developmental issues in the same way that chemical or biological agents do.

Question 9

Which one of the following best describes the nature of a Braxton-Hicks contraction?
A) The fetus is in the birth canal and will be a newborn baby within the hour.
B) The mother's uterine muscles are not yet causing any cervical dilation.
C) The mother's body is working extra hard because the baby is in a breech position.
D) The force is strong enough that the mother's water breaks (i.e., the sac holding the fluid around the fetus breaks open).

Accepted Answer

Braxton-Hicks contractions are often referred to as "false labor" because they can feel like real labor contractions but do not lead to cervical dilation or actual labor. They are essentially practice contractions that can start as early as the second trimester.

Question 10

What is the phenomenon called by which children alter their environments through their choices and behaviors?
A) niche construction
B) genetic expression
C) interpersonal relationship
D) developmental trend

Accepted Answer

Niche construction refers to the process by which organisms, including humans, modify their own and each other's environments, often in a manner that affects their own and others' development. In the context of child development, this term is used to describe how children actively shape their own environments through their choices and behaviors.

Question 11

When 2-month-old Ranan is fussy, his caregivers can often soothe him by playing music. He seems especially partial to Barry White songs, which his mother often played in the last few weeks of her pregnancy. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation of Ranan's partiality to Barry White music?
A) Ranan was able to hear and remember Barry White songs even before he was born.
B) Barry White has a deep, resonating voice, which male infants (but not female infants) find especially soothing.
C) The "music" area of the brain becomes activated in the second week of life, and it shows early preferences for certain styles of music.
D) Ranan is showing early signs of giftedness, as recognition of music typically doesn't emerge until about six months of age.

Accepted Answer

Ranan's preference for Barry White songs likely stems from prenatal exposure to this music, suggesting that he was able to hear and remember these songs before he was born.

Question 12

During which stage of labor might the mother feel a slight decrease in blood pressure and feel chilled?
A) First stage of labor
B) Second stage of labor
C) Third stage of labor
D) Fourth stage of labor

Accepted Answer

The fourth stage of labor, which occurs after the delivery of the placenta, is when the mother might experience a slight decrease in blood pressure and feel chilled due to the physiological changes and blood loss during childbirth.

Question 13

The cervix is fully dilated, and the baby proceeds down the birth canal during the:
A) First stage of labor
B) Second stage of labor
C) Third stage of labor
D) Fourth stage of labor

Accepted Answer

The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby. This stage involves the baby moving down the birth canal.

Question 14

Marcia returned home Wednesday with her new infant daughter. On the phone with her best friend Anna, she expressed some concern: "I am so tired, and I feel like I just don't know what to do!" Anna has had three children already. The best advice Anna can give to Marcia at this time is:
A) "There's a lot to learn. The first thing is to identify the baby's preferences so you can respond appropriately."
B) "There's a lot to learn, and I'm here to help you. I'll show you how infants like to be comforted."
C) "There's a lot to learn, and you're probably not going to sleep much for a few weeks."
D) "There's a lot to learn, but first get some sleep. I'm here to help you. "

Accepted Answer

Offering practical support and emphasizing the importance of rest for a new mother, while also offering help, is the most comprehensive and supportive advice.

Question 15

Babies are considered premature when they are:
A) Born before the due date
B) Born before the end of 37 weeks after conception
C) Small and light given the amount of time they have had to develop in the mother's uterus
D) Lack the physical maturity to breathe independently or suck adequately to meet nutritional needs

Accepted Answer

Babies are considered premature if they are born before the completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy. This is because the standard full term for a pregnancy is considered to be around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period, or 38 weeks after conception.

Question 16

Eight-year-old Elizabeth has unusual facial features and has exceptional difficulty learning and remembering the basics of reading, writing, and math. Without knowing anything else about Elizabeth, you might wonder if she has:
A) Thalassemia
B) Huntington disease
C) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is characterized by abnormal facial features, growth problems, and central nervous system (CNS) issues, including learning disabilities. Elizabeth's symptoms align with those associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

Question 17

What is the practice called when the needs of children who have biologically based disabilities are accommodated in the regular classroom?
A) Intervention
B) Inclusion
C) Individualization
D) Differentiated instruction

Accepted Answer

Inclusion refers to the practice of accommodating the needs of children with biologically based disabilities in the regular classroom, allowing them to learn alongside their peers.

Question 18

Three of the following are common practices in caring for a premature infant. Which one is not recommended?
A) Cuddle the infant.
B) Massage the infant.
C) Give the infant plenty of light.
D) Minimize any disruptions to sleep.

Accepted Answer

Premature infants often require environments that mimic the womb as closely as possible, which includes minimizing exposure to bright lights to avoid overstimulation and potential harm to their developing eyes. Adequate sleep, gentle physical contact like cuddling, and careful massage (under professional guidance) are beneficial for their development and bonding with parents.

Question 19

What is not one of the states of arousal that new parents should know in order to respond to their baby's needs?
A) Crying
B) Quiet sleep
C) Rooting
D) Drowsiness

Accepted Answer

Rooting is a reflex, not a state of arousal. It's an instinctual behavior that helps babies find the breast or bottle to begin feeding.

Question 20

Sam has always been athletic. He was on the soccer team in his middle school. As he entered high school, he decided to form a soccer team for young children in his neighborhood. He is showing which of the following?
A) Maturation
B) Talent
C) Canalization
D) Niche construction

Accepted Answer

Niche construction refers to the process by which organisms, including humans, modify their own and each other's niches, often creating new environments that reflect their needs, interests, or abilities. In this case, Sam is using his interest and skills in soccer to create a new opportunity not just for himself but for younger children in his neighborhood, effectively constructing a niche that reflects his athletic interests and abilities.

Quiz 4: Biological Beginnings

Michael is a premature newborn. His parents have recently brought him home from the hospital He cries frequently and is not easily consolable. What is most likely to be something that may benefit Michael's parents as they continue to care for their premature infant?

Sarah is more than one week past the due date of her child's birth. Her doctor wants to induce labor. Which of the following medications will Sarah most likely receive?

Family members should know that reflexes are a way of interacting with their baby. Reflexes show that the baby's brain and body are operating the way that they should. Which is not a reflex?

The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled by the uterus during the:

A pregnant woman regularly uses cocaine and heroin throughout her pregnancy. Chances are that her baby will:

Three of the following are sound words of advice for any pregnant woman. Which piece of advice is not sound?

In the days leading up to labor, which of the following is least likely to be experienced by the mother?

Three of the following are examples of teratogens. Which one is not a teratogen?

Which one of the following best describes the nature of a Braxton-Hicks contraction?

What is the phenomenon called by which children alter their environments through their choices and behaviors?

During which stage of labor might the mother feel a slight decrease in blood pressure and feel chilled?

The cervix is fully dilated, and the baby proceeds down the birth canal during the:

Marcia returned home Wednesday with her new infant daughter. On the phone with her best friend Anna, she expressed some concern: "I am so tired, and I feel like I just don't know what to do!" Anna has had three children already. The best advice Anna can give to Marcia at this time is:

Babies are considered premature when they are:

Eight-year-old Elizabeth has unusual facial features and has exceptional difficulty learning and remembering the basics of reading, writing, and math. Without knowing anything else about Elizabeth, you might wonder if she has:

What is the practice called when the needs of children who have biologically based disabilities are accommodated in the regular classroom?

Three of the following are common practices in caring for a premature infant. Which one is not recommended?

What is not one of the states of arousal that new parents should know in order to respond to their baby's needs?

Sam has always been athletic. He was on the soccer team in his middle school. As he entered high school, he decided to form a soccer team for young children in his neighborhood. He is showing which of the following?