Question 1

Animals and humans who do not have access to sensory feedback from their internal organs still experience emotions that are as intense as other people, a finding that provides support for the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true based on the results of studies on people and animals who have undergone surgical procedures to remove or sever certain nerves that transmit sensory information from internal organs to the brain. This supports the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which suggests that emotions arise from the simultaneous activation of physiological responses and subjective feelings, rather than one causing the other.

Question 2

Your roommate loves to debate psychological theories. When discussing emotion he insists that when we encounter an emotional eliciting stimulus, it is the thalamus that sends messages to both the cortex and the body's internal organs. The signal to the cortex is what results in the experience of emotion. Your roommate's arguments are most consistent with which psychological ideas?

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that when an emotional stimulus is encountered, the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex (resulting in the experience of emotion) and to the body's internal organs.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one the phases of Masters' and Johnson's sexual response cycle?

Accepted Answer

The phases of Masters' and Johnson's sexual response cycle are excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Arousal is not one of the phases; it is a general term often used to describe sexual excitement.

Question 4

Which of the following is FALSE regarding a lie detector?

Accepted Answer

Lie detectors, or polygraphs, do not actually detect lies. They measure physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and skin conductivity, which can be associated with arousal or stress, but these responses are not definitive indicators of lying.

Question 5

states that women may view their bodies in the same way external viewers do, which can increase their body shame and anxiety, leading to eating disorders.

Accepted Answer

Objectification theory suggests that women may internalize an observer's perspective on their bodies, leading to body shame, anxiety, and potentially eating disorders.

Question 6

Your roommate loves to debate psychological theories. When discussing emotion he insists that "We feel sad because we are crying" and "We feel fear because we tremble". Your roommate's arguments are most consistent with which psychological ideas?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange somatic theory suggests that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, we feel emotions because we perceive our body's physiological responses to external events, such as crying leading to feeling sad or trembling leading to feeling fear.

Question 7

According to Maslow's theory, humans are motivated by

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs culminates in self-actualization, which is the realization of one's potential and the desire for personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 8

Hull suggested that disruptions to an organism's internal physiological equilibrium, also known as , motivates an organism to behave in a certain way in order to reduce tension. Hull refers to this as _.

Accepted Answer

Hull's theory is known as the drive theory, which suggests that disruptions to homeostasis create a drive that motivates an organism to act in a way that restores balance.

Question 9

Kinsey initially conceptualized sexual orientation as:

Accepted Answer

Kinsey conceptualized sexual orientation as a continuum, known as the Kinsey Scale, which ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual, acknowledging the fluidity and spectrum of human sexual experiences.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental emotional patterns (work by Izard, Tomkins, and Plutchik)?

Accepted Answer

Guilt is not considered one of the fundamental emotional patterns by Izard, Tomkins, and Plutchik. They focus on basic emotions like fear, disgust, surprise, and anger.

Question 11

Research on the relationship between physiological arousal and performance has determined that:

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that performance improves with increased arousal to an optimal point, after which further arousal can impair performance. Additionally, the optimal arousal level varies with task complexity.

Question 12

In motivational conflict, conflict is when you have to choose between two attractive alternatives, whereas conflict is when you are both attracted and
Repelled by the same goal.

Accepted Answer

Approach-approach conflict involves choosing between two attractive alternatives, while approach-avoidance conflict involves being attracted and repelled by the same goal.

Question 13

The would suggest that viewing pornographic material should increase sexual aggression against women because viewers see models acting out aggression. However, the would suggest that viewing pornography should reduce aggression against
Women by releasing built up sexual and aggressive impulses.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that people learn behaviors by observing others, so viewing aggression in pornography could increase aggression. The catharsis principle suggests that expressing or viewing aggression can release built-up impulses, potentially reducing aggression.

Question 14

Richard and Robert are watching a film on public television. The film is of the amputation of an arm. The film evoked pleasure in Richard and disgust in Robert because each boy attached different meaning to the film. Richard, who is studying to become a doctor, interpreted the film in a clinical, detached way. The sight of blood, on the other hand, sickened Robert. Each boy had a different of the film.

Accepted Answer

Each boy had a different cognitive appraisal of the film, meaning they interpreted and evaluated the situation differently based on their personal experiences and perspectives.

Question 15

A lesion to this brain area will result in a rat that becomes obese.

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in satiety and regulating body weight. Lesions in this area can lead to hyperphagia and obesity in rats.

Question 16

According to Clark Hull's drive theory of motivation, various drives are produced:

Accepted Answer

Clark Hull's drive theory of motivation suggests that drives are produced when there is a physiological disruption of homeostasis, prompting behaviors to restore balance.

Question 17

Research conducted by April Fallon and Paul Rozin (1985) demonstrated that college women how thin they should be to conform to men's preferences, and that men ________ how muscular they should be to conform to women's preferences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research conducted by April Fallon and Paul...

Question 18

LeDoux's work on emotions suggests that sensory information arrives at the , where it is then routed to the , which is responsible for labeling the emotion
And is also sent to the , which is responsible for coordinating and triggering
Physiological and behavioural responses to emotionally-arousing stimuli.

Accepted Answer

LeDoux's theory suggests that sensory information first arrives at the thalamus, which then sends it to the cortex for labeling the emotion and to the amygdala for coordinating physiological and behavioral responses.

Question 19

Emotion types (i.e. positive and negative emotions) have been linked to certain large areas of the brain. They are:

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the brain is generally associated with processing negative emotions, while the left hemisphere is associated with processing positive emotions.

Question 20

A Buddhist exercise suggests that we should breathe in, then breathe out and smile. The act of smiling can actually make you feel happy. This is consistent with

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial movements can influence emotional experiences, meaning that smiling can actually make you feel happier.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion