Question 1

Dizygotic twins are MORE likely to inherit than monozygotic twins.
A) more likely to inherit schizophrenia
B) more likely to inherit depression
C) more likely to inherit autism
D) less likely to inherit disorders

Accepted Answer

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins are less genetically similar than monozygotic (identical) twins, as they only share about 50% of their genes, similar to ordinary siblings. Therefore, they are less likely to inherit the same genetic disorders compared to monozygotic twins, who share nearly 100% of their genes.

Question 2

During menstruation,
A) a female is more likely to get pregnant than at any other time.
B) the unfertilized egg is discharged in menstrual flow.
C) the fertilized egg undergoes meiosis.
D) the fertilized egg undergoes mitosis.

Accepted Answer

During menstruation, the unfertilized egg, along with the lining of the uterus, is discharged in the menstrual flow. This process occurs because the egg was not fertilized and thus, pregnancy did not occur, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining.

Question 3

Kia and Mia are monozygotic twins. At birth, they were separated and adopted by different families. Kia grew up in Los Angeles. Mia grew up in New York City. Given the research, you would expect Kia and Mia to
A) share the same degree of genetic similarity as twins reared together.
B) be less alike, genetically, than dizygotic twins reared together.
C) be identical in genetics, behaviors and preferences.
D) be no more alike in genetics, behaviors and preferences than regular siblings.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, like Kia and Mia, share 100% of their genes regardless of their environment, making them genetically identical even if reared apart.

Question 4

If genes are implicated in any given physical trait or behavior pattern, then you would expect that
A) DZ twins would be more similar on the trait than MZ twins.
B) all people in a given family would express the trait similarly.
C) cousins would be more similar on the trait than siblings.
D) siblings would be more similar on the trait than cousins.

Accepted Answer

D) Siblings share more genetic material with each other (approximately 50%) than cousins do (approximately 25%), so if a trait or behavior pattern is influenced by genetics, siblings would be expected to be more similar to each other on that trait than cousins.

Question 5

Before meiosis, the sperm cell,
A) contains 46 chromosomes.
B) is significantly larger than the egg cell.
C) contains two X chromosomes.
D) is more likely to conceive a girl than a boy.

Accepted Answer

Before meiosis, the sperm cell contains 46 chromosomes, which is the diploid number for humans. This is because it has not yet undergone the meiotic division that will halve its chromosome number to produce haploid gametes.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding parents and their children?
A) They share about 50% of their genetic material.
B) They share recessive genes only.
C) They share dominant genes only.
D) They share about 25% of their genetic material.

Accepted Answer

Parents and their children share about 50% of their genetic material, as each parent contributes half of the genetic material to their offspring.

Question 7

In comparison to dizygotic (DZ) twins, monozygotic (MZ) twins are
A) less likely to look alike or be of similar height.
B) more likely to be similar on physical characteristics, such as blood pressure and brain wave patterns.
C) less likely to share the same psychological disorders.
D) more likely to differ on levels of happiness and sociability.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic (MZ) twins, being genetically identical, are more likely to share similarities in physical characteristics, including blood pressure and brain wave patterns, compared to dizygotic (DZ) twins who share about 50% of their genes.

Question 8

Because Sebastian lacks access to healthy food, he may not grow to be as tall as he could. However, if healthy food becomes available, his body may "snap back into its genetically determined path." What is the term used to describe this process?
A) Canalization
B) Invariant development
C) Chromosomalization
D) Genotype expression

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the ability of an organism to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype. In this context, it describes how Sebastian's growth can return to its genetically determined potential once the environmental constraint (lack of healthy food) is removed.

Question 9

Elijah is very shy. He is quiet and rarely seeks out other children to play with. His parents, teachers, and friends leave him alone to play and spend time by himself. Which genetic-environment correlation does this best represent?
A) Passive
B) Evocative
C) Active
D) Industrious

Accepted Answer

This scenario best represents an evocative genetic-environment correlation, where an individual's genetic traits elicit specific responses from their environment. Elijah's shyness leads others to leave him alone, reinforcing his solitary behavior.

Question 10

The sperm cell
A) is significantly larger than the egg cell.
B) contains two Y chromosomes.
C) does not determine the sex of the developing child.
D) is one of the smallest types of cells in the body.

Accepted Answer

Sperm cells are among the smallest cells in the human body, much smaller than egg cells, which are one of the largest. Sperm cells carry either an X or a Y chromosome, determining the sex of the offspring, not two Y chromosomes.

Question 11

At birth, the typical human female will contain
A) enough ova to be fertile for 10 years.
B) no ova, they only develop during puberty.
C) around 300,000 to 400,000 ova in each ovary.
D) millions of ova.

Accepted Answer

At birth, the typical human female has around 300,000 to 400,000 ova (or follicles) in each ovary, which is the highest number they will have in their lifetime. These ova are gradually lost throughout life until menopause.

Question 12

Jenny is a high school freshman. She has always enjoyed playing musical instruments. As a result, she decides to join the marching band at her school as well as take a class in music theory. Which of the following genetic-environment correlations does this best represent?
A) Passive
B) Evocative
C) Active
D) Industrious

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jenny is a high school freshman. She...

Question 13

Nicole is a long-distance runner. She believes in the importance of proper diet and exercise. As such, she provides a healthy diet for her two-year-old daughter, enrolls her in toddler gymnastic classes, and encourages her daughter's outdoor physical activities. Which of the following genetic-environment correlations does this BEST represent?
A) Passive
B) Evocative
C) Active
D) Industrious

Accepted Answer

Nicole's actions represent a passive genetic-environment correlation because she is providing an environment that aligns with her own genetic predispositions (e.g., towards physical activity and health) without her daughter actively choosing this environment.

Question 14

If an adopted child is more similar on a particular characteristic to his/her biological parents than to the adoptive parents, we can conclude that
A) the adoptive parents have tried very hard to raise the child as their own.
B) heredity is solely responsible for who we become.
C) environment is solely responsible for who we become.
D) genetics play a role in the development of that particular characteristic.

Accepted Answer

This suggests that genetics, inherited from the biological parents, influence the development of the characteristic more than the adoptive environment does.

Question 15

What could influence behavioral similarity in monozygotic twins?
A) Parents and others who treat them alike
B) The degree of genetic similarity they share
C) Whether the twins are male or female
D) No factors in particular will influence behavioral similarity.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are often treated similarly by parents and others, which can influence their behavioral similarity.

Question 16

Theo not only inherited a tendency to be of very high intelligence from his parents, but on IQ tests, he scores very high. Our actual set of traits that we exhibit, such as an excellent performance on an IQ test, is called
A) phenotype.
B) temperament.
C) genotype.
D) personality.

Accepted Answer

The phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest). In this case, Theo's excellent performance on an IQ test is an observable trait, making it part of his phenotype.

Question 17

The following twin pair would physically resemble each other the most
A) dizygotic of either sex.
B) monozygotic.
C) dizygotic males.
D) monozygotic, but only if female.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are formed from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, leading to two individuals with virtually identical genetic material. This results in the highest degree of physical resemblance compared to any other type of twins.

Question 18

Which of the following is LESS highly canalized?
A) Learning to sit up
B) Learning to crawl
C) Learning to speak two-word utterances
D) Intelligence

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the degree to which the development of a trait is buffered against environmental variability. Intelligence is less highly canalized because it shows more variation in response to different environmental conditions compared to developmental milestones like sitting up, crawling, or speaking, which tend to follow a more predictable pattern across different environments.

Question 19

Developmental psychologist Sandra Scarr described three types of correlations between genetic and environmental influences. These are passive correlation, active correlation, and correlation.
A) ongoing
B) evocative
C) restrictive
D) inherent

Accepted Answer

Sandra Scarr described three types of gene-environment correlations: passive, active, and evocative. Evocative correlation refers to the responses individuals elicit from others based on their own genetics.

Question 20

Matthew likes to sing, dance, and act. Due to this, he decided to join the theatre club at his high school. Choosing environments that allow us to develop inherited preferences is termed
A) niche-picking.
B) epigenesist.
C) ecological interaction.
D) evocative genotype.

Accepted Answer

Niche-picking refers to the process by which individuals select environments that complement their inherited tendencies, such as Matthew choosing the theatre club because it aligns with his interests in singing, dancing, and acting.

Quiz 2: Heredity-And-Conception

Dizygotic twins are MORE likely to inherit than monozygotic twins.

During menstruation,

Kia and Mia are monozygotic twins. At birth, they were separated and adopted by different families. Kia grew up in Los Angeles. Mia grew up in New York City. Given the research, you would expect Kia and Mia to

If genes are implicated in any given physical trait or behavior pattern, then you would expect that

Before meiosis, the sperm cell,

Which of the following is TRUE regarding parents and their children?

In comparison to dizygotic (DZ) twins, monozygotic (MZ) twins are

Because Sebastian lacks access to healthy food, he may not grow to be as tall as he could. However, if healthy food becomes available, his body may "snap back into its genetically determined path." What is the term used to describe this process?

Elijah is very shy. He is quiet and rarely seeks out other children to play with. His parents, teachers, and friends leave him alone to play and spend time by himself. Which genetic-environment correlation does this best represent?

The sperm cell

At birth, the typical human female will contain

Jenny is a high school freshman. She has always enjoyed playing musical instruments. As a result, she decides to join the marching band at her school as well as take a class in music theory. Which of the following genetic-environment correlations does this best represent?

If an adopted child is more similar on a particular characteristic to his/her biological parents than to the adoptive parents, we can conclude that

What could influence behavioral similarity in monozygotic twins?

Theo not only inherited a tendency to be of very high intelligence from his parents, but on IQ tests, he scores very high. Our actual set of traits that we exhibit, such as an excellent performance on an IQ test, is called

The following twin pair would physically resemble each other the most

Which of the following is LESS highly canalized?

Developmental psychologist Sandra Scarr described three types of correlations between genetic and environmental influences. These are passive correlation, active correlation, and correlation.

Matthew likes to sing, dance, and act. Due to this, he decided to join the theatre club at his high school. Choosing environments that allow us to develop inherited preferences is termed