Question 1

Rh incompatibility happens when androgens produced by the child are transmitted to the mother.

Accepted Answer

Rh incompatibility occurs when a mother with Rh-negative blood type is pregnant with a child who has Rh-positive blood, leading to potential immune system reactions, not due to androgens produced by the child.

Question 2

Prenatal development can be thought of in terms of the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. Or, it can be thought of as three trimesters. In terms of the way time is divided into periods, these two viewpoints are
A) identical; they both see prenatal development as occurring in three 3-month periods.
B) identical; they both see prenatal development as divided into the first two weeks, week 3 through 8, and the third month through birth.
C) similar in that both assume a pregnancy will last 266 days.
D) different in how development is viewed.

Accepted Answer

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods divide prenatal development based on developmental stages, while the trimester view divides it by time (three 3-month periods). These approaches categorize prenatal development differently, focusing on either specific developmental milestones or the pregnancy's progression over time.

Question 3

Mothers do not usually feel the first fetal movements until the end of the sixth month of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Mothers usually feel the first fetal movements, known as "quickening," between the 16th and 25th weeks of pregnancy, which is during the fourth to sixth months, not at the end of the sixth month.

Question 4

Only 10% of all infants born from 18 to 22 weeks of gestation will survive.

Accepted Answer

The survival rate for infants born between 18 to 22 weeks of gestation is significantly lower than 10%, with most medical literature suggesting that the vast majority of infants born before 22 weeks of gestation do not survive, and those born at 22 weeks have a survival rate that is still very low and highly dependent on the level of medical care available.

Question 5

The embryonic disk is part of the that eventually becomes the embryo.
A) blastocyst
B) trophoblast
C) placenta
D) sperm cell

Accepted Answer

The embryonic disk, which develops into the embryo, is a component of the blastocyst, a structure formed early in human development after fertilization.

Question 6

Prenatal activity predicts activity level after birth.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the level of activity and movement of a fetus during the prenatal period can predict the infant's activity level after birth, indicating early indicators of temperament and activity preferences.

Question 7

Within 36 hours after conception, the zygote consists of cells.
A) 2
B) 36
C) hundreds of
D) several thousand

Accepted Answer

Within 36 hours after conception, the zygote typically consists of just 2 cells, as it begins to divide shortly after fertilization.

Question 8

In the second trimester, the fetus grows from about three inches long to about 14 inches long.

Accepted Answer

During the second trimester, the fetus experiences rapid growth, expanding from approximately three inches in length at the beginning to about 14 inches by the end of this period.

Question 9

Once in the uterus, the zygote
A) stops dividing into more cells.
B) becomes implanted immediately.
C) wanders around for 3 or 4 days before becoming implanted.
D) is now called a fetus.

Accepted Answer

Once in the uterus, the zygote does not immediately implant into the uterine wall. Instead, it typically wanders around for about 3 or 4 days before becoming implanted. This period allows for the zygote to further develop and prepare for implantation.

Question 10

Very high doses of vitamins A and D are good for the developing fetus.

Accepted Answer

High doses of vitamins A and D can be toxic and may cause birth defects or other serious problems in the developing fetus. It's important for pregnant women to take these vitamins in the amounts recommended by a healthcare provider.

Question 11

The fetus is more vulnerable than the embryo to teratogens.

Accepted Answer

The embryo is more vulnerable than the fetus to teratogens because the major organs and systems develop during the embryonic stage, making it a critical period for potential disruptions in development.

Question 12

Fetal movements are random and do not relate to external events.

Accepted Answer

Fetal movements can be influenced by external factors such as sounds, the mother's activities, and even the time of day, indicating they are not entirely random.

Question 13

DES is associated with cancer in the reproductive organs of children of women who used it.

Accepted Answer

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen that was prescribed to pregnant women between the late 1930s and early 1970s to prevent miscarriage and other pregnancy complications. However, it was later found that exposure to DES in the womb is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer in the reproductive organs, including vaginal and cervical cancer in daughters, and possibly testicular cancer in sons.

Question 14

During the embryonic stage, the zygote travels to the uterus and becomes implanted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the embryonic stage, the zygote travels...

Question 15

Mother and fetus share one circulatory system; that is, they share one bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

The mother and fetus have separate circulatory systems. Nutrients and oxygen are exchanged between the two systems via the placenta without direct mixing of blood.

Question 16

Nearly one-third of all pregnancies result in miscarriage, most occurring in the first three months.

Accepted Answer

Most miscarriages happen in the first trimester, with estimates suggesting that up to one-third of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, highlighting the commonality of this unfortunate event in early pregnancy.

Question 17

"Environmental hazards" include lead, mercury, and PCBs.

Accepted Answer

Environmental hazards encompass a wide range of toxic substances harmful to human health and the environment, including lead, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Question 18

Pregnancies can be dated from the onset of the last menstrual period before conception or by
A) assuming conception occurredtwo weeks after the beginning of a woman's last menstrual cycle.
B) counting ahead nine months from the date the woman learned she was pregnant.
C) counting forward from the date the woman believes she conceived.
D) pregnancies are not dated as there is too much variability from woman to woman.

Accepted Answer

Pregnancies are commonly dated by assuming conception occurred approximately two weeks after the beginning of a woman's last menstrual cycle. This method aligns with the typical ovulation timing in a standard menstrual cycle.

Question 19

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) results in more severe symptoms than fetal alcohol effect (FAE).

Accepted Answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is considered more severe and encompasses a broader range of physical and neurodevelopmental problems than Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE), which refers to less severe manifestations of prenatal alcohol exposure.

Question 20

The amniotic fluid provides nourishment until the baby is born.

Accepted Answer

Amniotic fluid primarily provides protection and allows for movement, but nourishment comes through the placenta from the mother's bloodstream.

Quiz 3: Prenatal-Development