Question 1

A group of eight 5-year-olds are playing together. Given the research on play, what might you guess about the gender mix of this group of children?
A) They are likely to be girls.
B) They are probably a mixed-sex group.
C) It depends upon how the parents have raised them as to what the gender mix would be.
D) They are likely to be boys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of eight 5-year-olds are playing...

Question 2

A child who cannot take someone else's perspective
A) would be considered egocentric.
B) is probably lessaggressive than his/her peers.
C) assumes that nobodyviews the world the way he/she does.
D) is likely in the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is a characteristic of early childhood development, particularly in the preoperational stage according to Piaget's theory, where children are unable to see perspectives other than their own.

Question 3

Why might boys and girls show gender-stereotyped toy and activity preferences?
A) Some research shows major biological differences.
B) Parents may discourage this through toy purchases and their actions.
C) Children seek out information on which kinds of toys and play are "masculine" or "feminine" and then conform to the label.
D) Older siblings tell them what kind of toys are and are not acceptable.

Accepted Answer

Children often learn and internalize societal norms and expectations about gender roles, which can influence their preferences for gender-stereotyped toys and activities.

Question 4

What is the difference between associative play and cooperative play?
A) Associative play involves more rules.
B) Cooperative play does not involve group goals.
C) Associative play is more common in older children.
D) Cooperative play involves the purposes of the group.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative play is characterized by organized activities with group goals, where children play and work together towards a common purpose, unlike associative play which is more about parallel activities with some interaction but without group-directed goals.

Question 5

According to Parten, play comes before play.
A) solitary; onlooker
B) associative; parallel
C) associative; cooperative
D) onlooker; solitary

Accepted Answer

Parten's stages of play are: solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative. Solitary play comes before onlooker play.

Question 6

Solitary play and onlooker play can both be categorized as
A) interactive.
B) social.
C) non-social.
D) imaginary.

Accepted Answer

Solitary play and onlooker play are both considered non-social because in solitary play, children play alone and are focused on their own activity without interaction with others. In onlooker play, children observe others playing but do not join in, again indicating a lack of social interaction.

Question 7

Two children are wrestling in the grass. Given the research on play in American children, what might you guess about these children?
A) They are both girls.
B) It depends upon their ages.
C) They are both boys.
D) There are no gender differences in this kind of play.

Accepted Answer

Research on play in American children often shows that boys are more likely than girls to engage in physical forms of play, such as wrestling.

Question 8

Empathy is related to which of the following?
A) A decrease in aggression
B) A decrease in emotional response to the distress of others
C) A decrease in prosocial behavior
D) Lower levels of maturity and cognitive development

Accepted Answer

Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, which can lead to a decrease in aggression as individuals are more likely to respond with understanding and care rather than hostility.

Question 9

By approximately what age do children show significant gender-stereotyped preferences for toys?
A) 12 month
B) 18 months
C) 2 years
D) 3 years

Accepted Answer

By 18 months, children begin to show significant gender-stereotyped preferences for toys, such as boys playing with trucks and girls playing with dolls. This is a developmental milestone where children start to exhibit behaviors and preferences that align with societal gender norms.

Question 10

According to the research, are there gender differences in empathy?
A) Yes, boys as a group are less empathic than girls early on, but more empathic in later childhood.
B) No, empathy does not show gender differences.
C) Yes, girls are more empathic as a group than boys.
D) Yes, girls are more empathicas a group than boys and this tends to increase with age.

Accepted Answer

Research generally indicates that girls, as a group, tend to be more empathic than boys. This difference is observed in various studies that measure empathy in different ways, such as through emotional response, understanding, and caring actions.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a category of play, according to Parten?
A) Parallel
B) Solitary
C) Indiscriminate
D) Cooperative

Accepted Answer

Parten's categories of play include Solitary, Parallel, and Cooperative, but not Indiscriminate. Indiscriminate is not recognized as a category of play in Parten's classification.

Question 12

If a child is sensitive to the feelings of others, this is called
A) sympathy.
B) empathy
C) prosocial.
D) altruism.

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, which aligns with being sensitive to the feelings of others.

Question 13

Are boys or girls more likely to stray from playing with gender-typed toys?
A) Girls
B) Boys
C) There are no gender differences.
D) It depends upon their caregivers' adherence to traditional gender roles.

Accepted Answer

Girls are generally more likely to stray from playing with gender-typed toys. This is because society often views it as more acceptable for girls to engage in activities or play with toys traditionally associated with boys, compared to the reverse. This flexibility allows girls to explore a wider range of toys and activities without as much societal pushback.

Question 14

According to Piaget, in which stage of play do children create settings, characters, and scripts?
A) Functional play
B) Symbolic play
C) Constructive play
D) Formal games

Accepted Answer

Symbolic play, according to Piaget, is the stage where children begin to create settings, characters, and scripts, engaging in pretend play that demonstrates their growing cognitive abilities to symbolize objects and actions.

Question 15

One reason why children might associate more with peers of their own sex is because they
A) may be more likely to share similar play styles.
B) see more same-sex friendships represented on children's television programs.
C) are taught by their parents to show such a preference.
D) have a biological preference for same-sex peers.

Accepted Answer

Children might associate more with peers of their own sex because they may be more likely to share similar play styles, which can make interactions more enjoyable and compatible. This is a common observation in developmental psychology, where boys and girls often exhibit different preferences and styles in play, leading them to gravitate towards peers with similar interests and activities.

Question 16

Can prosocial behaviors be taught to children at early ages?
A) Yes, if they are given responsibilities that model helping.
B) No, they are not cognitively prepared for this kind of thinking at this age.
C) Girls usually can be taught; boys usually cannot.
D) No, because prosocial behaviors are triggered through maturational processes, not experience.

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behaviors, such as helping and sharing, can indeed be taught to children at early ages through modeling and giving them responsibilities that encourage these behaviors. Cognitive readiness is not a barrier, and both boys and girls are capable of learning prosocial behaviors, which are influenced by experience and teaching, not just maturational processes.

Question 17

At daycare, Jennifer is playing with a toy piano while Rebecca is playing with a fire truck. According to Parten, what type of play is this?What is the difference between associative play and cooperative play?
A) Solitary
B) Onlooker
C) Cooperative
D) Dramatic

Accepted Answer

Solitary play, as described by Mildred Parten, occurs when children play alone and are focused on their own activity without regard to what other children around them are doing. In the scenario described, Jennifer and Rebecca are each engaged in their own play activities (a toy piano and a fire truck, respectively) without interacting with each other, which is characteristic of solitary play.

Question 18

Jake and Vanessa are pretending to be husband and wife. This kind of play is called
A) onlooker.
B) sociocultural.
C) cooperative.
D) constructive.

Accepted Answer

This kind of play is called cooperative play, where children play and interact with each other towards a common goal or role-play scenario, in this case, pretending to be husband and wife.

Question 19

According to Piaget, building Legos would be considered play, whereas playing basketball would be considered play.
A) functional; symbolic
B) symbolic; constructive
C) constructive; formal
D) functional; informal

Accepted Answer

Building Legos is considered constructive play as it involves creating and building structures, while playing basketball is considered formal play as it involves rules and structured activities.

Question 20

In a study of 4- to 7-year-olds (Grusec, 1991), which type of prosocial behavior occurred the most?
A) helping
B) sharing
C) affection
D) reassuring

Accepted Answer

Helping was the most common type of prosocial behavior observed in the study by Grusec (1991) among 4- to 7-year-olds.

Quiz 11: Middle Childhood: Physical Development

A group of eight 5-year-olds are playing together. Given the research on play, what might you guess about the gender mix of this group of children?

A child who cannot take someone else's perspective

Why might boys and girls show gender-stereotyped toy and activity preferences?

What is the difference between associative play and cooperative play?

According to Parten, play comes before play.

Solitary play and onlooker play can both be categorized as

Two children are wrestling in the grass. Given the research on play in American children, what might you guess about these children?

Empathy is related to which of the following?

By approximately what age do children show significant gender-stereotyped preferences for toys?

According to the research, are there gender differences in empathy?

Which of the following is NOT a category of play, according to Parten?

If a child is sensitive to the feelings of others, this is called

Are boys or girls more likely to stray from playing with gender-typed toys?

According to Piaget, in which stage of play do children create settings, characters, and scripts?

One reason why children might associate more with peers of their own sex is because they

Can prosocial behaviors be taught to children at early ages?

At daycare, Jennifer is playing with a toy piano while Rebecca is playing with a fire truck. According to Parten, what type of play is this?What is the difference between associative play and cooperative play?

Jake and Vanessa are pretending to be husband and wife. This kind of play is called

According to Piaget, building Legos would be considered play, whereas playing basketball would be considered play.

In a study of 4- to 7-year-olds (Grusec, 1991) , which type of prosocial behavior occurred the most?