Question 1

The CRISPR- Cas9 gene editing system so far can only be used to alter prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system can be used to edit the genomes of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including those of plants, animals, and humans.

Question 2

A plaque reduction neutralization assay is performed with a patient serum. The presence of abundant plaques on the plate indicates that the patient is currently infected with the virus in question.

Accepted Answer

The presence of abundant plaques in a plaque reduction neutralization assay indicates that the patient's serum is not effectively neutralizing the virus, not necessarily that the patient is currently infected. This assay measures the ability of antibodies in the serum to neutralize the virus, not the presence of the virus itself.

Question 3

Describe the principles of ELISA and contrast the three types.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the principles of ELISA and contrast...

Question 4

A direct ELISA is most useful for detection of antigens while an indirect ELISA is used to determine if a patient has a particular type of antibody in their blood.

Accepted Answer

In a direct ELISA, the antigen is immobilized on the plate and directly detected by an antibody linked to a detectable enzyme, making it useful for antigen detection. In contrast, an indirect ELISA involves an antigen attached to the plate and the detection of specific antibodies in a patient's sample using a secondary antibody-enzyme conjugate, thus it's used for determining the presence of specific antibodies.

Question 5

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques can detect the presence as few as a single viral particle in a sample.

Accepted Answer

PCR is a highly sensitive technique that can amplify small amounts of DNA or RNA, making it possible to detect even a single viral particle in a sample.

Question 6

Describe the different vaccine types, and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the different vaccine types, and the...

Question 7

Describe how the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) works and discuss its applications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

Quiz 14: Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics