Question 1

How does blood enter the heart?

Accepted Answer

Blood enters the heart through the vena cava. The superior and inferior vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

Question 2

A man and women honeymooned in Brazil and both came down with mild symptoms of a Zika infection upon returning home. How long should the couple wait to start a family based on this information?

Accepted Answer

The CDC recommends that men who have been infected with Zika virus wait at least 6 months before trying to conceive, while women should wait at least 8 weeks. Since both partners were infected, they should wait for the longer period of 6 months.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing sepsis?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Which of the following numbers represents arterioles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following numbers represents arterioles?...

Question 5

Why is the second stage of a dengue infection of concern?

Accepted Answer

The second stage of a dengue infection is of concern because hemorrhagic features may develop, potentially leading to shock, organ failure, and death. This stage is known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever, and it represents a critical phase where careful monitoring and treatment are essential to prevent fatal outcomes.

Question 6

What happens if lymph is not collected?

Accepted Answer

If lymph is not collected, it can lead to edema, which is the swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. This occurs because the lymphatic system is responsible for draining this fluid.

Question 7

What is currently the most crucial way of reducing incidence of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika?

Accepted Answer

Controlling mosquito levels is the most crucial way to reduce the incidence of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika because these diseases are primarily spread through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

Question 8

The nickname "the kissing disease" refers to an infection caused by which pathogen?

Accepted Answer

The nickname "the kissing disease" refers to mononucleosis, which is most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This nickname comes from the fact that the virus is often spread through saliva.

Question 9

When is the human T lymphotropic virus typically detected in a patient?

Accepted Answer

Human T lymphotropic virus is often detected when a patient either develops cancer, particularly adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma associated with HTLV-1, or when they donate blood, as blood donations are screened for HTLV to prevent transmission.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a sign of sepsis?

Accepted Answer

Dilated pupils are not a typical sign of sepsis. Sepsis is characterized by symptoms such as abnormal body temperature, increased respiratory rate, altered white blood cell count, and rapid heart rate, which are systemic responses to infection. Dilated pupils can be a sign of many conditions, but they are not specifically associated with sepsis.

Question 11

An antiretroviral regimen usually consists of two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a(n)

Accepted Answer

An antiretroviral regimen typically includes two reverse transcriptase inhibitors along with a third drug that can be a protease inhibitor, an integrase inhibitor, or sometimes another reverse transcriptase inhibitor, offering flexibility based on the patient's specific needs and the virus's resistance profile.

Question 12

Which stage marks the progression of HIV to AIDS?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which stage marks the progression of HIV...

Question 13

What is lymph?

Accepted Answer

Lymph is essentially protein-rich blood plasma that has exited the capillaries, becoming part of the interstitial fluid before entering the lymphatic system. This fluid helps in the removal of waste and in the immune response by transporting white blood cells.

Question 14

How can a chikungunya infection be differentiated from a dengue infection?

Accepted Answer

Blood tests can identify specific viral antigens, viral RNA, or antibodies produced by the patient in response to the virus, allowing for differentiation between chikungunya and dengue infections.

Question 15

Which of the following would limit your possible exposure to the Lassa virus?

Accepted Answer

Lassa virus is primarily spread by rodents, so keeping a rodent-free home would limit exposure.

Question 16

Burkitt's lymphoma is a possible complication of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV is a herpesvirus that can cause infectious mononucleosis and is linked to several types of cancer, including Burkitt's lymphoma, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Question 17

Areas with a high population and low vaccination rates are susceptible to which type of transmission for yellow fever?

Accepted Answer

Urban transmission of yellow fever occurs in densely populated areas with low vaccination coverage, where the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which thrives in urban environments, can transmit the virus from person to person.

Question 18

What is the innermost layer of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart, lining the interior of the heart chambers and covering the heart valves.

Question 19

After excess lymph drains from our tissues, it is shuttled to the lymph nodes and _, where waste filtering and pathogen detection take place.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After excess lymph drains from our tissues,...

Question 20

Which of the following describes how blood travels through the heart?

Accepted Answer

The correct path of blood flow through the heart is: right atrium, right ventricle, lungs (where it gets oxygenated), left atrium, left ventricle, and then it is pumped to the rest of the body. This sequence accurately reflects the pulmonary circulation (right side of the heart to the lungs) and the systemic circulation (left side of the heart to the body).

Quiz 21: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections