Question 1

The Inductive Model A researcher who develops a theory from the findings of several specific
Experiments illustrates the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

The inductive model involves developing a theory from specific observations or experiments, so this researcher is using an inductive approach. Deductive reasoning involves moving from a general theory to specific observations or experiments. A combined deductive and inductive approach might involve using both types of reasoning to develop a theory. Nonexperimental approaches might involve using surveys or case studies, but this researcher is using specific experiments as the basis for their theory.

Question 2

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis A hypothesis that contains the fewest supporting assumptions is

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis that contains the fewest supporting assumptions is known as a parsimonious hypothesis. It is favored in scientific research because it is simpler and easier to test, making it more likely to be supported or falsified. A parsimonious hypothesis is also more elegant and aesthetically pleasing to scientists, who prefer explanations that are clear and concise.

Question 3

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Select the form required by an experimental hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

An experimental hypothesis typically follows an "if...then" format, outlining the specific cause-and-effect relationship that the experiment aims to test.

Question 4

The Inductive Model While reviewing data from several studies of how roommates finish each
Other's sentences, a researcher suddenly discovers a general principle that
Connects all her findings.This illustrates the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

The inductive approach involves starting with specific observations and then finding a general principle or theory that connects them. In this scenario, the researcher reviewed data from several studies and discovered a general principle connecting them, indicating the use of an inductive approach.

Question 5

The Inductive Model Maggie is attempting to earn enough money for college by day-trading on the stock market.She noticed that a particular stock gained value yesterday and that it also gained value today.She concludes that it is a good stock that will continue to gain value in the future.This conclusion is based on

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that the stock will continue to gain value in the future is based on induction, as it is inferred from specific instances (yesterday and today) to a generalization about future behavior.

Question 6

The Inductive Model Walster, Walster, and Berscheid formulated equity theory based on their
Own and others' observations by using

Accepted Answer

The question specifically mentions that Walster, Walster, and Berscheid formulated equity theory based on their own and others' observations, which suggests that they used inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning involves looking at specific observations and using them to form a general conclusion or theory. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, involves starting with a general theory and using it to make specific predictions about observations. Reductionism refers to the approach of breaking down complex phenomena into smaller components for analysis, which is not mentioned in the question. Serendipity refers to the occurrence of fortunate accidents or discoveries, which may have played a role in the formulation of equity theory, but is not directly relevant to the question being asked.

Question 7

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Which of the following hypotheses is the least parsimonious?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis B is the least parsimonious because it includes multiple conditions (being alone and unarmed) rather than a single proposed cause-and-effect relationship. The other hypotheses all have a clear cause-and-effect relationship stated in a concise and simple manner.

Question 8

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Dr.Moss assures his students that they can get an A in his class as long as they study enough.We could not use his statement as an experimental hypothesis because it is not

Accepted Answer

An experimental hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning it can be tested and potentially proven false. Dr. Moss's statement cannot be falsified because it is subjective and lacks specific variables or criteria for measuring success. Therefore, it cannot be used as an experimental hypothesis.

Question 9

The Inductive Model ____ is the basic tool that researchers use to build theories from empirical
Findings.

Accepted Answer

The inductive model is the basic tool that researchers use to build theories from empirical findings. This process involves starting with specific observations and then looking for patterns and regularities in those observations in order to develop generalizations or theories. Deductive reasoning, phenomenology, and reductionism are all related to research methods, but none of them specifically pertains to building theories from empirical findings in the way that inductive reasoning does.

Question 10

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis A fruitful hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A fruitful hypothesis is one that leads to new studies and further research, expanding knowledge and understanding in a particular field.

Question 11

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Jack hypothesizes that the world would be a better place if everyone on the planet would listen to him and follow his directions.The problem with Jack's hypothesis is that it is

Accepted Answer

Jack's hypothesis is not testable because there is no way to scientifically measure or observe whether the world would actually be a better place if everyone listened to him and followed his directions.

Question 12

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Sara's roommate is a bit flaky.One minute she loves her boyfriend and the next minute she hates him.It would be difficult to test the hypothesis that "Sara loves her boyfriend and she hates him" because it is a(n) _____ statement.

Accepted Answer

The statement is contradictory as it cannot be both true and false at the same time, making it impossible to test experimentally.

Question 13

The Inductive Model Zajonc's (1966) theory of the mere exposure effect was developed through

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's theory of the mere exposure effect was developed through a review of prior research. He did not start with a specific hypothesis but instead analyzed the results of several studies on the topic to develop his theory. Therefore, the inductive model best describes the development of his theory.

Question 14

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Kirk hypothesizes that his dog dreams in color.This is not an experimental
Hypothesis because it

Accepted Answer

An experimental hypothesis must be testable through the manipulation of variables and the gathering of data. Kirk's hypothesis cannot be tested as there is currently no way to measure or observe the color of a dog's dreams. Therefore, it is not an experimental hypothesis.

Question 15

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis The Watson and Rayner fear-conditioning hypothesis regarding Little Albert
Stimulated considerable research.This shows the hypothesis was

Accepted Answer

The fact that the Watson and Rayner fear-conditioning hypothesis regarding Little Albert stimulated considerable research demonstrates that it was a fruitful hypothesis. A fruitful hypothesis is one that generates opportunities for new observations and experiments, and this is exactly what happened with the Little Albert experiment.

Question 16

The Inductive Model Susan suspects that her husband is having an affair because he brought her a dozen roses, washed the dishes, and asked when her mother could visit them next.Susan's hypothesis is based on

Accepted Answer

Susan's hypothesis is based on induction because she is making a generalization based on specific instances (her husband's actions) and inferring a conclusion (that he may be having an affair). Deduction involves starting with a general principle and applying it to a specific case. Serendipity refers to a fortunate discovery by chance, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 17

The Inductive Model ____ is reasoning from specific cases to general principles.

Accepted Answer

The inductive model is based on moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and conclusions, making it a process of generalizing from specific instances. This is often used in scientific research, where researchers gather data and use it to draw inferences and make generalizations about larger patterns or phenomena.

Question 18

The Deductive Model Laura's teacher tells the class that the range of scores for an A on the test is 92-100, while the range for a B is 85-91.Laura gets a 90 on the test and concludes that she got a B.Her conclusion was based on

Accepted Answer

Laura's conclusion was based on applying the deductive model, where she used the given criteria of score ranges for each grade to make a logical inference about her own score.

Question 19

The Inductive Model B.F.Skinner's study of reinforcement involved the ____ approach to
Research.

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner's study of reinforcement involved the inductive approach to research, which involved making observations and then developing theories based on those observations. Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.

Question 20

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Which statement is falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

A falsifiable statement is one that can be proven false through observation or experiment. Statement B can be tested by observing whether pupils dilate when looking at an appealing photograph.

Quiz 6: Formulating the Hypothesis

The Inductive Model A researcher who develops a theory from the findings of several specific Experiments illustrates the ____ approach.

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis A hypothesis that contains the fewest supporting assumptions is

The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis Select the form required by an experimental hypothesis:

The Inductive Model While reviewing data from several studies of how roommates finish each Other's sentences, a researcher suddenly discovers a general principle that Connects all her findings.This illustrates the ____ approach.

The Inductive Model Walster, Walster, and Berscheid formulated equity theory based on their Own and others' observations by using