Question 1

What are the two major types of rehearsal (for moving information from short-term to long-term memory)?
A) condensed and expanded
B) elaborative and permanent
C) maintenance and permanent
D) elaborative and maintenance

Accepted Answer

The two major types of rehearsal are elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal. Elaborative rehearsal involves actively trying to relate new information to existing knowledge and making connections between pieces of information in order to transfer it to long-term memory. Maintenance rehearsal, on the other hand, involves repeating the information over and over again without any meaningful connections, which may help to keep the information in short-term memory but does not necessarily transfer it to long-term memory.

Question 2

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of _________.
A) episodic memory
B) semantic memory
C) working memory
D) implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory refers to the relatively permanent storage of information, including facts, skills, and experiences. Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves general knowledge and factual information, such as the definition of a word.

Question 3

The best analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be a_________.
A) revolving door
B) filing cabinet
C) desktop
D) television

Accepted Answer

The analogy of a filing cabinet is the best match for long-term memory because like how information is stored and organized in file folders, long-term memories are thought to be stored and organized in a hierarchical network of related concepts and associations.

Question 4

Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they _________.
A) remembered solving the problem and could do so again
B) didn't remember the problem and couldn't solve it
C) remembered solving the problem but couldn't do it again
D) didn't remember solving the problem but could do it again

Accepted Answer

Patients with anterograde amnesia have difficulty forming new memories. However, procedural memory (memory for how to do things) is often preserved. Therefore, even if they don't remember learning how to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem, they may still be able to successfully solve it again due to procedural memory. This is known as the "learning without awareness" phenomenon.

Question 5

Modern research into the functions of working memory is helping to increase our understanding of many different psychological problems, including all but which of the following?
A) learning disorders
B) schizophrenia
C) attention disorders
D) dementia-related conditions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modern research into the functions of working...

Question 6

General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as parts of ___________.
A) episodic memory
B) nondeclarative memories
C) declarative memories
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

General knowledge, language, and concepts are all stored in semantic memory, which is a type of declarative memory that stores factual information about the world. Episodic memory is the memory of specific events or experiences, while nondeclarative memories refer to implicit and procedural memories that are not easily put into words.

Question 7

In the game show Jeopardy! contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is _________.
A) nondeclarative
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) working

Accepted Answer

The type of memory used to answer general information questions in Jeopardy! is semantic memory, which relates to facts and knowledge about the world. Nondeclarative memory refers to skills or habits, episodic memory is personal experiences, and working memory involves holding information in mind temporarily for a task.

Question 8

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory. Which type of rehearsal are you using?
A) condensed
B) permanent
C) maintenance
D) elaborative

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information with previously stored knowledge, which is what is happening in this scenario as the learner is relating the items to each other and to information already in their memory. Condensed and permanent rehearsal are not commonly recognized types of rehearsal, and maintenance rehearsal involves simply repeating information over and over without a deeper level of processing or connection to other knowledge.

Question 9

A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to store new information. The officer's family is applying to the state for compensation for his injuries. When asked to provide a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will they write?
A) proactive amnesia
B) anterograde amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) retroactive amnesia

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories or retain new information after a traumatic event, which is consistent with the officer's condition after his brain surgery.

Question 10

If one wanted to use the best method to get storage into long-term memory, one would use _________.
A) maintenance rehearsal
B) rote rehearsal
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) sleep learning

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information with prior knowledge or associations, making it more meaningful and easier to remember in the long-term. It is considered the best method for transferring information into long-term memory. Maintenance rehearsal and rote rehearsal involve simply repeating information over and over again, which may help with short-term memory but does not lead to the same level of retention in long-term memory. Sleep learning, or the idea that one can learn while asleep, has not been proven to be an effective method for transferring information into long-term memory.

Question 11

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of _________ memories.
A) episodic
B) semantic
C) working
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories refer to personal experiences and events, such as remembering specific details of your first day of college classes. Semantic memories, on the other hand, relate to general knowledge and facts. Working memories are short-term memories used for immediate processing of information, and implicit memories are unconscious memories, often related to skills and habits.

Question 12

Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ___________.
A) episodic memory
B) nondeclarative memories
C) declarative memories
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to the ability to remember personal experiences and events in a specific context, such as memories of one's personal history. Nondeclarative memories refer to memories of skills and habits, while declarative memories include both episodic and semantic memories. Semantic memory refers to general knowledge of facts and concepts that are not necessarily tied to specific events in one's personal history.

Question 13

Declarative memories are to _________ memories as nondeclarative memories are to _________ memories.
A) implicit; explicit
B) explicit; implicit
C) general knowledge; personal facts
D) personal facts; general knowledge

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories are memories of facts and events that can be consciously recalled, such as knowing the capital of a country or remembering what you did yesterday. This is similar to explicit memories, which are memories that require conscious effort to recall. Nondeclarative memories, on the other hand, are memories that do not require conscious effort to recall, such as riding a bike or playing a musical instrument. This is similar to implicit memories, which are memories that are not consciously recalled but instead influence behavior or thought processes. Choice B best reflects the pairing of these types of memories.

Question 14

Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?
A) nondeclarative
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memory, which includes procedural memory such as how to ride a bike or swim, tends to be more resistant to the effects of Alzheimer's disease compared to declarative memory (semantic and episodic). This is because nondeclarative memory involves different brain areas, primarily the basal ganglia and cerebellum, which are less affected in the early to middle stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 15

_________ rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory, as compared to _________ rehearsal.
A) Permanent; condensed
B) Condensed; permanent
C) Elaborative; maintenance
D) Maintenance; elaborative

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves making connections with existing knowledge and creating meaningful associations with new information, leading to better memory consolidation and transfer to long-term memory. Maintenance rehearsal, on the other hand, is simply repeating information without creating any context or connections, which is less effective for long-term memory retention. Therefore, the best answer is C.

Question 16

Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?
A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) sensory memory
D) implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades, unlike short-term memory which has a limited capacity and can only retain information for a few seconds to a minute, sensory memory which retains sensory information for a very brief period, and implicit memory which is non-conscious and involves skills and habits.

Question 17

It is thought that long-term memory never can get filled up. The term used to describe the capacity of long-term memory is _________.
A) 7, plus or minus 2
B) about 10,000 items
C) limited by the size of a person's brain
D) unlimited

Accepted Answer

It is believed that long-term memory has an unlimited capacity, meaning it can never get filled up.

Question 18

Which type of long-term memory is most difficult to bring into conscious awareness?
A) episodic memory
B) nondeclarative memories
C) declarative memories
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

Nondeclarative memories include implicit learning, procedural memory, and classical conditioning, which are not consciously accessible and are difficult to bring into conscious awareness.

Question 19

The portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called _________.
A) primary memory
B) working memory
C) eidetic memory
D) long-term memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory refers to the portion of memory that is more or less permanent, where information is stored for future retrieval. Primary memory and working memory are temporary and refer to the ability to hold and manipulate information in short-term memory. Eidetic memory is a rare ability to recall visual details with exceptional accuracy, but it is not necessarily associated with the permanence of memory.

Question 20

Memories for general facts and information that make up knowledge are called _________.
A) episodic memory
B) nondeclarative memories
C) declarative memories
D) factual memory

Accepted Answer

General facts and information that make up knowledge are part of declarative memory, which can be further divided into semantic memory (memory for factual information) and episodic memory (memory for specific events). Nondeclarative memories refer to unconscious, automatic memories for procedural skills and behaviors. "Factual memory" is not a commonly recognized term in the field of psychology.

Quiz 6: Memory

What are the two major types of rehearsal (for moving information from short-term to long-term memory) ?

Recalling the definition of long-term memory is an example of _________.

The best analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be a_________.

Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they _________.

Modern research into the functions of working memory is helping to increase our understanding of many different psychological problems, including all but which of the following?

General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as parts of ___________.

In the game show Jeopardy! contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answer these kinds of questions is _________.

You are learning a list of items for a test by relating the items to each other and to information that you already have stored in memory. Which type of rehearsal are you using?

If one wanted to use the best method to get storage into long-term memory, one would use _________.

Remembering your first day of college classes is an example of _________ memories.

Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ___________.

Declarative memories are to _ memories as nondeclarative memories are to _ memories.

Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?

_ rehearsal results in a more lasting memory and promotes the transfer of information to long-term memory, as compared to _ rehearsal.

Which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?

It is thought that long-term memory never can get filled up. The term used to describe the capacity of long-term memory is _________.

Which type of long-term memory is most difficult to bring into conscious awareness?

The portion of memory that is more or less permanent is called _________.

Memories for general facts and information that make up knowledge are called _________.