Question 1

The type of memory that is most like an encyclopedia or a dictionary is __________.
A) emotional memory
B) episodic memory
C) procedural memory
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that stores facts and general knowledge about the world, much like an encyclopedia or a dictionary. It includes knowledge about language, concepts, and categories, and is not tied to specific personal experiences or emotions. Emotional memory, on the other hand, stores emotional experiences and associations, while episodic memory stores personal experiences and events. Procedural memory is focused on the performance of specific skills and actions rather than factual knowledge.

Question 2

"Forgetting that occurs as a function of the passage of time" defines ________.
A) motivated forgetting
B) decay theory
C) cue-dependent forgetting
D) interference theory

Accepted Answer

Decay theory states that forgetting occurs as a function of the passage of time, with memories gradually fading and decaying if not rehearsed or retrieved.

Question 3

Which type of memory is concerned with remembering the day your parents bought you a car?
A) implicit memory
B) semantic memory
C) episodic memory
D) procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the type of memory that stores information about specific events or episodes that one has experienced in their life, such as the day their parents bought them a car. The other types of memory listed are not relevant to this type of memory. Implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously accessible, such as how to ride a bike or tie one's shoes. Semantic memory refers to memory of general knowledge and facts, such as the name of the capital of France. Procedural memory refers to memory of how to perform specific skills, such as how to play a musical instrument or drive a car.

Question 4

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through a process called _______.
A) chunking
B) categorizing
C) rehearsal
D) cueing

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of breaking down information into smaller, manageable units that can be easily remembered and organized in short-term memory. Categorizing involves grouping related information together, but it may not necessarily aid in storing information in short-term memory. Rehearsal and cueing are strategies used to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 5

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called __________.
A) elaborative rehearsals
B) flashbulb memories
C) eidetic images
D) eyewitness images

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are memories that are highly significant and emotionally charged, and are often recalled vividly with great detail. Examples may include memories of where you were and what you were doing during a major historical event or personal trauma. Elaborative rehearsals refer to the mental process of repeating and elaborating on information in order to store it in long-term memory, eidetic images refer to the ability to retain a detailed and precise memory of a visual image or scene, and eyewitness images refer to memories of witnessing a particular event or crime, which may be affected by factors such as stress or suggestion.

Question 6

Steve was recalling his first day in college, including walking into the wrong class, dropping his books as he left, and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes. These memories are examples of:
A) semantic memory.
B) implicit memory.
C) procedural memory.
D) episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

The memories Steve is recalling are specific to his personal experiences and are therefore episodic memories. They involve details and emotions associated with a specific event in his life (i.e. his first day of college).

Question 7

Your street address, telephone number, and social security number are stored in:
A) numerical memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

Street address, telephone number, and social security number are personal information that we store in our long-term memory for a prolonged period. They are essential details that we refer to frequently, making them a part of our permanent memory.

Question 8

Which memory system provides us with a very brief image of all the stimuli present at a particular moment?
A) long-term memory
B) sensory memory
C) primary memory
D) short-term memory

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory provides us with a very brief image of all the stimuli present at a particular moment. It holds information from our sensory systems (sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch) for a very short time (usually less than one second) before it is either transferred to short-term memory or forgotten.

Question 9

Which statement concerning long-term memory is TRUE? 
A) Information in long-term is stored permanently.
B) Rehearsal is one of the primary methods information is moved from short-term to long-term.
C) The longer information is in short-term, the more likely it will be stored in long-term.
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are true. Information in long-term memory is believed to be stored permanently, rehearsal helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory, and the longer information is held in short-term memory, the greater the chance it will eventually be stored in long-term memory.

Question 10

The portion of long-term memory that stores specific information that has personal meaning is called __________ memory.
A) emotional
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory that stores personal experiences, events, and episodes that have occurred in a person's life. It is different from semantic memory, which stores general knowledge and facts, and procedural memory, which stores skills and knowledge of how to perform tasks. Emotional memory is a subset of episodic memory and refers specifically to memories that are associated with strong emotions.

Question 11

Hermann Ebbinghaus found that memory is best immediately after we learn information, and we gradually forget more as time passes. What name is given to this observation?
A) serial position curve
B) mirage effect
C) free recall curve
D) curve of forgetting

Accepted Answer

The observation described is known as the curve of forgetting. Ebbinghaus's research showed that we forget information quickly after learning it, with the rate of forgetting slowing down over time. The curve of forgetting is a graphical representation of this phenomenon.

Question 12

The state psychology association has invited teams from all the colleges in the state to compete in a Psych Bowl. The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?
A) long-term memory
B) short-term memory
C) conceptual memory
D) primary memory

Accepted Answer

The information about who founded the first psychology laboratory is not something that can be quickly recalled from short-term memory. Rather, it is likely stored in long-term memory. Choice C (conceptual memory) is not a commonly recognized type of memory, and choice D (primary memory) is not a term typically used in the field of psychology.

Question 13

Chunking is a means of _______.
A) immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B) organizing information into meaningful units
C) arranging details into a hierarchy from most important to least important
D) storing long-term memories

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a mental process of grouping related items together into a single unit in order to make them easier to remember and organize. Therefore, it is a means of organizing information into meaningful units.

Question 14

An individual's semantic memory contains:
A) memories about events.
B) background knowledge about words, symbols, concepts and rules arranged as hierarchies of information in categories and subordinate categories.
C) autobiographical information about one's previous experiences.
D) the order and sequence of information from specific to general.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory refers to our knowledge of word meanings, concepts, and rules that have been acquired through experience and education. This type of memory is organized into hierarchical categories with general concepts at the top and specific information subordinate to them. Semantic memory does not refer to memories of specific events or autobiographical information.

Question 15

A soldier was injured when a mortar exploded next to him. Although he recovered from his wounds, he is not able to recall information from years ago. What term is used to describe this soldier's condition?
A) retroactive amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive amnesia
D) anteretrograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memories from the past, while the ability to form new memories remains intact. This is often caused by head injury or trauma to the brain, such as in the case of the soldier who was injured by a mortar explosion. Retroactive amnesia refers to the inability to remember new information, while proactive amnesia and anteretrograde amnesia are not recognized terms in psychology.

Question 16

Why is implicit memory so difficult to study?
A) It does not operate on a conscious level.
B) It is a more recently identified type of memory.
C) It is concerned with the identification of only certain words and objects.
D) People with perfectly intact memories are often the focus of study.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory operates on an unconscious level, which makes it difficult to study because it cannot be directly accessed or reported by the individual. Researchers have to use indirect methods to measure it, such as priming tasks or reaction time tests.

Question 17

Chunking aids:
A) understanding.
B) perception.
C) retention.
D) encoding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chunking aids:
A) understanding.
B) perception.
C) retention.
D) encoding....

Question 18

The hippocampus seems to be essential for __________.
A) the recall of old memories
B) maintaining one's balance
C) the formation of new long-term memories
D) proactive and retroactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is known to play a crucial role in the formation of new long-term memories. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to a severe impairment in episodic memory, which is the ability to recall personal experiences and events from the past. While the hippocampus is also involved in the retrieval of old memories, it is not essential for this process and other brain regions can compensate for its damage.

Question 19

Connie lost her keys. She searches her memory for when she last had them, and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them. Connie is ________ activating her _________.
A) unconsciously; semantic memory
B) conscious; semantic memory
C) unconsciously; episodic memory
D) consciously; episodic memory

Accepted Answer

Connie is consciously trying to recall a specific memory (when and where she last had her keys), which means she is using her episodic memory (memory for personal experiences).

Question 20

Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcohol abuse and damages the _______ in the brain.
A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary gland
C) pineal gland
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcohol...

Quiz 6: Memory

The type of memory that is most like an encyclopedia or a dictionary is __________.

"Forgetting that occurs as a function of the passage of time" defines ________.

Which type of memory is concerned with remembering the day your parents bought you a car?

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through a process called _______.

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called __________.

Steve was recalling his first day in college, including walking into the wrong class, dropping his books as he left, and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes. These memories are examples of:

Your street address, telephone number, and social security number are stored in:

Which memory system provides us with a very brief image of all the stimuli present at a particular moment?

Which statement concerning long-term memory is TRUE?

The portion of long-term memory that stores specific information that has personal meaning is called __________ memory.

Hermann Ebbinghaus found that memory is best immediately after we learn information, and we gradually forget more as time passes. What name is given to this observation?

The state psychology association has invited teams from all the colleges in the state to compete in a Psych Bowl. The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?

Chunking is a means of _______.

An individual's semantic memory contains:

A soldier was injured when a mortar exploded next to him. Although he recovered from his wounds, he is not able to recall information from years ago. What term is used to describe this soldier's condition?

Why is implicit memory so difficult to study?

Chunking aids:

The hippocampus seems to be essential for __________.

Connie lost her keys. She searches her memory for when she last had them, and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them. Connie is activating her _.

Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcohol abuse and damages the _______ in the brain.