Question 1

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as secondary tissues. These tissues are responsible for the increase in girth or thickness of the plant.

Question 2

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

Accepted Answer

The absence of a vascular cambium means that monocots cannot produce wood in annual rings.

Question 3

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.

Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following question is based on the...

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward is the zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of differentiation. This is because the root cap contains meristematic cells that continuously divide to produce new cells that form the root. The zone of elongation is where the newly formed cells elongate and increase in length. The zone of differentiation is where the elongated cells develop into specific types of root tissues.

Question 5

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

Accepted Answer

The elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem is the primary driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil. While continuous cell division occurs in the root cap and apical meristem, this alone is not the driving force behind root growth.

Question 6

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.

Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

The cross section of the stem in II shows scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue, which is a characteristic feature of monocot stems. The other options show either no vascular bundles (I) or a ring of vascular bundles (III and IV), which are characteristic features of dicot stems.

Question 7

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

The description suggests that the cells are parenchyma, which often have loosely packed cells with thin cell walls and contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Endodermis cells have thicker cell walls and are involved in regulating water flow. Collenchyma and sclerenchyma have thickened cell walls for support and are not likely to have numerous chloroplasts.

Question 8

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

Accepted Answer

Since the cell plate is perpendicular to the side of the stem, the new cells produced will be added vertically to the stem, causing it to grow in height.

Question 9

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

The pericycle is a layer of cells located just inside the endodermis and can give rise to lateral roots. The endodermis is responsible for regulating the movement of water and minerals into the root. The phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds from leaves to the rest of the plant. The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells in a plant and is responsible for protecting the plant from external factors such as pathogens and water loss.

Question 10

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

The tree has grown 27 meters taller (30 - 3 = 27) over a period of 15 years. If we assume the growth rate of the tree to be constant, then we can estimate that the tree grew approximately 1.8 meters per year (27 / 15 = 1.8). Therefore, in 15 years, the nail would have been lifted by approximately 1.8 x 15 = 27 meters. Since the nail was initially 1.5 meters from the ground, it would now be approximately 1.5 + 27 = 28.5 meters above the ground. The closest answer choice is B) 1.5, which is the initial height of the nail from the ground, so the best answer is B).

Question 11

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

Accepted Answer

The number of apical bud scar rings on a twig can be used to determine its age. Each year, a twig produces a new apical bud scar ring.

Question 12

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What do you conclude about the plant?

Accepted Answer

Monocots typically have vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem, unlike eudicots, which have them arranged in a ring.

Question 13

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.

Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following question is based on the...

Question 14

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A plant that grows one year, dies...

Question 15

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Accepted Answer

Mowing two inches above ground level will not harm the apical meristem of grasses, which is located at or slightly below ground level. The apical meristem can continue to produce new cells, allowing the grass to regrow after being mowed. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 16

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Accepted Answer

The apical meristem of a root is responsible for root growth, which increases the root's ability to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, thus facilitating increased delivery of water to the aboveground stem.

Question 17

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

Accepted Answer

Shoot elongation is primarily due to cell elongation localized in each internode, which increases the length of the shoot.

Question 18

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

"Indeterminate" means that plant growth is continuous and does not have a specific endpoint, which is true for most plant structures. Perennial (A) refers to plants that live for multiple years, but this does not describe growth specifically. "Weedy" (B) is not an accurate descriptor for plant growth as it implies rapid and uncontrolled growth, which is not always the case. "Primary" (D) is a term used to describe the first stage of growth in seedlings, but does not describe overall plant growth.

Question 19

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem is formed from lateral meristem activity in the vascular cambium. Leaves, trichomes, and tubers are all formed from primary meristem activity in apical meristems.

Question 20

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?
I. the region of cell division
II. immature buds and leaves
III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

Accepted Answer

The shoot apical meristem region contains all three of the listed features. It is responsible for cell division, producing immature buds and leaves, and generating cells that will differentiate into the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium. Therefore, options A, B, and C are all incorrect as they do not include all the features present in the shoot apical meristem.

Quiz 35: Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as ________.

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A woody eudicot is represented by ________.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward?

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by ________.

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

In a meristematic region, the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem. In what direction will the stem grow?

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section. What do you conclude about the plant?

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region? I. the region of cell division II. immature buds and leaves III. cells that will give rise to the protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium