Question 1

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land to form 50 mature seeds?
A) 25
B) 50
C) 100
D) 500

Accepted Answer

Each ovule requires one pollen grain to form a mature seed, so we need 50 pollen grains to form 50 mature seeds. Therefore, the minimum number of pollen grains that must land is 50.

Question 2

In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg?
1) micropyle
2) style
3) ovary
4) stigma
A) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1
B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
C) 1 → 3 → 4 → 2
D) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence is stigma (4), style (2), ovary (3), and micropyle (1). The pollen tube grows from the stigma, through the style, into the ovary, and finally reaches the micropyle to fertilize the egg.

Question 3

Which of the following pollinating agents is correctly matched with the type of plant it helps pollinate?
A) Water-terrestrial plants
B) Animals-aquatic plants
C) Wind-grasses
D) Sand-desert plants

Accepted Answer

Wind pollinates grasses, as they have small, lightweight pollen grains that can be easily carried by air currents. Water pollinates aquatic plants, but it is not a common pollinating agent for terrestrial plants. Animals, such as insects and birds, are the primary pollinators for most flowering plants. Sand is not a pollinating agent.

Question 4

During the alternation of generations in plants, ________.
A) meiosis produces gametes
B) mitosis produces gametes
C) fertilization produces spores
D) fertilization produces gametes

Accepted Answer

In the alternation of generations, gametes are produced by mitosis in the gametophyte generation, not by meiosis. Meiosis produces spores in the sporophyte generation.

Question 5

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm.
1)ovary
2)ovule
3)egg
4)carpel
5)embryo sac
A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
B) 5, 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3
D) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

Accepted Answer

The carpel is the largest structure as it encompasses all the other structures listed. The ovary is the next largest as it is contained within the carpel and houses the ovules. The ovules are smaller than the ovary and contain the embryo sac, which in turn contains the egg cell. Therefore, the correct order from largest to smallest is: carpel, ovary, ovule, embryo sac, egg. This order is represented by choice D.

Question 6

Which of the following is correctly paired with its life cycle generation?
A) anther-sporophyte
B) pollen-sporophyte
C) embryo sac-gametophyte
D) stamen-gametophyte

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is correctly paired...

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?
A) petals → sepals → stamens → carpels
B) sepals → stamens → petals → carpels
C) spores → gametes → zygote → embryo
D) sepals → petals → stamens → carpels

Accepted Answer

The correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower is sepals → petals → stamens → carpels. Sepals are outermost floral organs that protect the developing flower bud, followed by petals that are usually brightly colored and attract pollinators. Stamens are male reproductive structures that produce pollen, and carpels are female reproductive structures that contain the ovules.

Question 8

A typical angiosperm embryo sac (female gametophyte) has ________ cells.
A) 2
B) 1
C) 8
D) 4

Accepted Answer

A typical angiosperm embryo sac has 8 haploid cells, including one egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells, and two polar nuclei.

Question 9

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?
A) the trend toward smaller size
B) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
C) the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
D) the trend toward larger gametophytes

Accepted Answer

The trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle is a major trend in land plant evolution, where the sporophyte generation became larger and more complex than the gametophyte generation. This allowed for greater protection and nourishment of the developing sporophyte embryo.

Question 10

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants ________.
A) protects the zygote from herbivores
B) evolved concurrently with pollen
C) helps in dispersal of the zygote
D) allows it to be nourished by the parent plant

Accepted Answer

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants allows it to be nourished by the parent plant. This is because the zygote relies on the gametophyte for nutrients and protection as it develops into an embryo.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct?
A) The gametophyte is the dominant generation.
B) Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers.
C) Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel.
D) The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains one polar nucleus and two sperm nuclei.

Accepted Answer

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a carpel in flowering plants. Choice A is incorrect because in flowering plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant. Choice B is incorrect because female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the ovules, not anthers. Choice D is incorrect because the endosperm is derived from fusion of the cell containing the two polar nuclei and one sperm nucleus.

Question 12

Sperm cells are formed in plants by ________.
A) meiosis in pollen grains
B) meiosis in anthers
C) mitosis in male gametophyte
D) mitosis in the micropyle

Accepted Answer

In plants, sperm cells are formed by mitosis in the male gametophyte, which is the pollen grain.

Question 13

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis
D) meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis

Accepted Answer

The generative cell undergoes mitosis to produce two haploid sperm cells, as mitosis is the process that results in two genetically identical haploid cells from a haploid parent cell.

Question 14

Double fertilization means that ________.
A) flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds
B) one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei
C) the egg of the embryo sac is diploid
D) every sperm has two nuclei

Accepted Answer

Double fertilization in plants involves the fusion of one sperm nucleus with the egg to form a zygote and the other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm. This process is essential for the development of seeds and fruits in angiosperms.

Question 15

Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on a stigma, and 50 mature seeds are formed in the fruit. What does this indicate about the pollination process and success?
A) 50% success: 100 pollen grains grew to 50 ovules, and double fertilization occurred.
B) 50% success: Evidently, only 50 sperm pollinated 50 anthers.
C) 50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 50 polar nuclei.
D) 50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 100 polar nuclei.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on...

Question 16

In a typical dicot ovule, a surviving megaspore divided by ________ consecutive mitotic divisions without cytokinesis results in ________ nuclei.
A) 2; 6
B) 3; 8
C) 3; 12
D) 4; 16
E) 1; 1

Accepted Answer

In a typical dicot ovule, the surviving megaspore undergoes three consecutive mitotic divisions without cytokinesis, resulting in eight nuclei.

Question 17

Double fertilization in angiosperm embryo sac produces endosperm, a food-storing tissue of the seed. The genetic makeup of endosperm is ________.
A) 2n
B) 3n
C) 4n
D) n

Accepted Answer

Double fertilization involves the fusion of one sperm with the egg cell to form a zygote (2n) and the fusion of the other sperm with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) endosperm. Therefore, the genetic makeup of endosperm is 3n.

Question 18

A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur?
A) The pollen grains will be pure red.
B) The pollen grains will be pure blue.
C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.
D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.

Accepted Answer

Since the pollen grains contain both sporophyte and gametophyte tissues, they will have red interiors and blue exteriors after being exposed to both stains. This is because the two stains selectively bind to different tissues within the pollen grain, resulting in a different color in each region.

Question 19

A summer occupation in the Corn Belt states is de-tasseling the corn: removing unwanted male flowers so that female flowers on the same plant are pollinated by the desired pollen for the hybrid corn. What does this tell you about corn? The flowers are ________.
A) perfect and the plant is dioecious
B) perfect and the plant is monoecious
C) imperfect and the plant is dioecious
D) imperfect and the plant is monoecious

Accepted Answer

Corn flowers are imperfect, meaning they have either male or female reproductive structures, but not both. Corn plants are monoecious, meaning they have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. De-tasseling involves removing the male flowers to ensure proper pollination of the female flowers with desired pollen for hybrid corn.

Question 20

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?
A) ovule - egg
B) embryo sac - female gametophyte
C) seed - zygote
D) microspore - pollen grain

Accepted Answer

The terms "embryo sac" and "female gametophyte" are equivalent, as the embryo sac is the structure containing the female gametophyte within the ovule. The other options are not equivalent - an ovule is a structure within the ovary of a plant that contains the female gamete, but it is not exactly the same as an egg; a seed is a mature ovule containing a fully formed embryo (not just a zygote); and a microspore is one of the cells produced by meiosis in a male plant that develops into a pollen grain, but the two terms are not equivalent.

Quiz 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land to form 50 mature seeds?

In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg? 1) micropyle 2) style 3) ovary 4) stigma

Which of the following pollinating agents is correctly matched with the type of plant it helps pollinate?

During the alternation of generations in plants, ________.

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm. 1) ovary 2) ovule 3) egg 4) carpel 5) embryo sac

Which of the following is correctly paired with its life cycle generation?

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

A typical angiosperm embryo sac (female gametophyte) has ________ cells.

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants ________.

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct?

Sperm cells are formed in plants by ________.

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

Double fertilization means that ________.

Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on a stigma, and 50 mature seeds are formed in the fruit. What does this indicate about the pollination process and success?

In a typical dicot ovule, a surviving megaspore divided by consecutive mitotic divisions without cytokinesis results in nuclei.

Double fertilization in angiosperm embryo sac produces endosperm, a food-storing tissue of the seed. The genetic makeup of endosperm is ________.

A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur?

A summer occupation in the Corn Belt states is de-tasseling the corn: removing unwanted male flowers so that female flowers on the same plant are pollinated by the desired pollen for the hybrid corn. What does this tell you about corn? The flowers are ________.

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?