Question 1

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder:
A)in which an individual is preoccupied with food but has a strong fear of becoming overweight.
B)in which an individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
C)that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation resulting in a distorted body image.
D)characterized by recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation, often resulting in a distorted body image. Individuals with this eating disorder have a strong fear of gaining weight, and despite being underweight, they may see themselves as overweight. This disorder can lead to serious health complications and even death if left untreated.

Question 2

_____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.
A)Adrenalin
B)Insulin
C)Leptin
D)Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that signals to the hypothalamus to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter that induces eating. Therefore, elevated levels of leptin lead to decreased appetite and reduced food intake. Adrenaline and calcitonin do not have direct effects on appetite, and while insulin does play a role in regulating hunger and satiety, it does not act on the hypothalamus in the same way as leptin.

Question 3

Soon after meeting with a car accident,Sally was rushed to the hospital.The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result of the accident.In the context of the biology of hunger,the doctor should expect that Sally will:
A)lose weight rapidly.
B)lose weight gradually.
C)gain weight rapidly.
D)gain weight gradually.

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating satiety and controlling food intake. Damage to this part of the brain often results in hyperphagia, an increased drive to eat, and a significant and rapid weight gain, as the individual's appetite becomes insatiable. Therefore, Sally is likely to gain weight rapidly after the accident.

Question 4

Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often she skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
A)somnambulism
B)anorexia nervosa
C)bulimia nervosa
D)binge eating disorder

Accepted Answer

Bianca's self-consciousness about her weight, indulging in strict dieting, and skipping meals are all signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Osteoporosis, an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones, is a common complication of anorexia nervosa. Somnambulism refers to sleepwalking, bulimia nervosa involves cycles of binge-eating followed by purging, and binge eating disorder involves periods of uncontrollable overeating.

Question 5

When Ginny's mother looks at her,she sees an extremely skinny person.When Ginny looks at herself in the mirror,she sees a person who could shed a few more pounds.Ginny is most likely suffering from:
A)obesity.
B)binge eating disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Ginny's perception of herself as needing to lose more weight, despite appearing extremely skinny to her mother, suggests that she may be suffering from anorexia nervosa, a condition characterized by a distorted body image, a fear of weight gain, and severe restriction of food intake, which can result in significant weight loss.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?
A)Anorexia nervosa is much more common in boys and men than girls and women.
B)People suffering from this disorder weighs more than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.
C)Most individuals with anorexia nervosa are Latin American female adolescents or young adults from low-income families.
D)Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. It is estimated that up to 20% of individuals with anorexia nervosa will die prematurely due to complications related to the disorder. Choices A, B, and C are all incorrect statements about anorexia nervosa.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body?
A)The hormone cytokine helps start the digestion of food, travels to the brain through the bloodstream, and signals a person to stop eating.
B)Galactose is an important factor in hunger, probably because the brain critically depends on it for energy.
C)The lateral hypothalamus is involved in reducing hunger and restricting eating.
D)Hunger is triggered by a set of sugar receptors, located in the brain, when sugar levels fall too low.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 8

Paris thinks her friend,Nicole,may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa.She shares her concerns with Nicole,but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue.Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?
A)It can cause damage to the thyroid.
B)It can cause extreme changes in personality.
C)It can cause volatile mood swings.
D)It can severely impair logical thinking.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe health complications, including damage to the thyroid. The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating metabolism, and its impairment can have widespread effects on the body's systems.

Question 9

Which of the following individuals is most likely at a higher risk of developing anorexia nervosa?
A)Daniel is 20 and works out at a gym.
B)Amelia is 40 and follows a yo-yo diet.
C)Jill is 17 and belongs to the upper middle class of society.
D)Latoya is 25 and lives in a predominately impoverished neighborhood.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is more commonly found in young women from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, Jill, who is 17 and from an upper-middle-class background, is most likely at a higher risk for developing anorexia nervosa.

Question 10

Harold was involved in a serious motorcycle accident.Harold's lateral hypothalamus was damaged as a result of the accident.Under such circumstances,which of the following is most likely to occur in the context of hunger and eating disorders?
A)Harold will lose interest in eating.
B)Harold will gain weight quickly.
C)Harold will indulge in a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
D)Harold will only eat when he's hungry.

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is responsible for stimulating hunger and regulating feeding behavior. Damage to this area of the brain can lead to reduced appetite and decreased interest in eating. Therefore, Harold is most likely to lose interest in eating.

Question 11

Sean is an obese teenager.He has strong cravings for food.He eats large portions of food every day.His mother,Anita,is worried about his eating habits as well as the health hazards that might arise as a result of overeating.Which of the following measures can prove most effective in curbing Sean's obesity?
A)Sean should only eat until he is satiated.
B)Anita should compel Sean to finish all the food in his plate.
C)Anita should serve food to Sean in a small-sized plate and bowl.
D)Sean should follow a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

Accepted Answer

Serving Sean's food in a smaller plate and bowl will limit his portion sizes and eventually reduce his caloric intake. This will help in curbing his obesity without completely depriving him of his favorite foods. Option A may not be effective as Sean may not realize when he is satiated and may continue to overeat. Option B will only encourage his overeating behavior. Option D is not a healthy method and can lead to serious health hazards.

Question 12

Fat is stored in the _____.
A)stem cells
B)adipose cells
C)dendritic cells
D)keratinocytes

Accepted Answer

Adipose cells, also known as fat cells, are specialized cells that store and release energy in the form of lipids or fats. These cells are found in adipose tissue which is present throughout the body in subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular regions. Stem cells can differentiate into adipose cells, but they are not the primary location of fat storage. Dendritic cells are immune cells and have no role in fat storage. Keratinocytes are skin cells and also have no role in fat storage.

Question 13

Mariah is an adolescent.She idolizes Gisele Bundchen,the famous supermodel.Mariah desires to be skinny like Gisele because she believes that being thin is considered attractive.In her pursuit of losing weight,Maria often refrains from eating for several full days.She begins to fear the thought of gaining weight and is not satisfied even when she loses weight.Mariah is most likely suffering from:
A)bulimia nervosa.
B)obesity.
C)binge eating disorder.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Mariah is exhibiting behaviors consistent with anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, extreme calorie restriction, and significant weight loss. Her idolization of a thin supermodel and belief that being thin is attractive also support this diagnosis. Binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and obesity are not consistent with Mariah's symptoms.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?
A)An obese individual can have up to 10 to 20 billion fat cells.
B)An obese individual has to eat more to feel satisfied.
C)An obese individual has an intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss.
D)An obese individual weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 15

_____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.
A)Dopamine
B)Serotonin
C)Acetylcholine
D)Norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Serotonin antagonists such as fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine have been used in the past to treat obesity by reducing appetite and promoting weight loss. However, these drugs have been linked to serious side effects such as heart valve damage and pulmonary hypertension, and are no longer commonly used. Dopamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine antagonists have not been specifically used for obesity treatment in humans.

Question 16

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea.Whenever she sees the famous "golden arches",she drives right in and orders a sweet tea.This best illustrates the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.
A)learned associations
B)negative reinforcement
C)avoidance learning
D)modeling

Accepted Answer

Edna's love for McDonald's sweet tea is a result of learned associations. She has associated seeing the "golden arches" with getting sweet tea, and this has become a habit for her.

Question 17

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.
A)Basal metabolic rate
B)Resting metabolic rate
C)Set point
D)Body mass index.

Accepted Answer

Set point refers to the point where the body's weight and fat mass is regulated and maintained by physiological mechanisms, and remains relatively stable in the absence of intentional efforts to change it. It is generally considered to be influenced by factors such as genetics, hormones, and the environment. Basal metabolic rate (A) and resting metabolic rate (B) both refer to the amount of energy expended by the body at rest, while body mass index (D) is a measure of weight relative to height and does not necessarily reflect the body's natural set point.

Question 18

Nikita is an aspiring model.In order to fit into the standards of the fashion industry,she often starves herself.Even though she has a slim build,she never thinks she is thin enough.Nikita is mostly likely to be suffering from:
A)anorexia nervosa.
B)binge eating disorder.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)somnambulism.

Accepted Answer

Nikita's behavior of starving herself and never feeling thin enough is indicative of anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption, while bulimia nervosa involves a cycle of binge eating and purging through methods like vomiting or laxative abuse. Somnambulism, on the other hand, is a sleep disorder characterized by sleepwalking.

Question 19

Danielle is a woman of normal weight,whereas Ron is an obese man.Whenever they go out to dinner together,Ron always eats more food.Ron,a psychology major,correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that:
A)males release leptin at a slower rate than females.
B)he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled.
C)the ventromedial hypothalamus of his brain induces in him an urge to take in large portions of food.
D)males and females have different levels of the hormone cholecystokinin.

Accepted Answer

Obesity is often linked to having a higher number of fat cells, which can increase appetite and make it harder to feel full or satiated until all fat cells are filled. This can cause individuals, like Ron, to eat more food than someone with fewer fat cells, like Danielle.

Question 20

Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?
A)High blood pressure
B)Thickening of bones and hair
C)Binge-and-purge eating pattern
D)Severe constipation

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is associated with severe constipation due to malnutrition and dehydration.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder:

_____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.

Soon after meeting with a car accident,Sally was rushed to the hospital.The doctors discovered that Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus had suffered some damage as a result of the accident.In the context of the biology of hunger,the doctor should expect that Sally will:

Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often she skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

When Ginny's mother looks at her,she sees an extremely skinny person.When Ginny looks at herself in the mirror,she sees a person who could shed a few more pounds.Ginny is most likely suffering from:

Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

Which of the following is true of the biology of hunger with regard to the human body?

Paris thinks her friend,Nicole,may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa.She shares her concerns with Nicole,but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue.Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?

Which of the following individuals is most likely at a higher risk of developing anorexia nervosa?

Harold was involved in a serious motorcycle accident.Harold's lateral hypothalamus was damaged as a result of the accident.Under such circumstances,which of the following is most likely to occur in the context of hunger and eating disorders?

Fat is stored in the _____.

Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?

_____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea.Whenever she sees the famous "golden arches",she drives right in and orders a sweet tea.This best illustrates the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

Nikita is an aspiring model.In order to fit into the standards of the fashion industry,she often starves herself.Even though she has a slim build,she never thinks she is thin enough.Nikita is mostly likely to be suffering from:

Danielle is a woman of normal weight,whereas Ron is an obese man.Whenever they go out to dinner together,Ron always eats more food.Ron,a psychology major,correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that:

Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?