Question 1

Julie hears some news about a bus accident on television.She believes her son was on the same bus and is overcome by anxiety which is primarily caused by her _____ nervous system.When her son phones and informs her that he was not on the bus,Julie is relieved and begins to relax.This response is primarily caused by her _____ nervous system.
A)somatic; autonomic
B)central; somatic
C)sympathetic; parasympathetic
D)parasympathetic; central

Accepted Answer

Julie's anxiety over the bus accident is primarily caused by her sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the fight or flight response. Upon learning that her son was not on the bus, she begins to relax, which is primarily caused by her parasympathetic nervous system's activation of the rest and digest response.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system?
A)It is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
B)It monitors processes such as breathing and digestion.
C)It conveys information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system.
D)It consists of sensory nerves.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for monitoring and controlling processes such as breathing, digestion, and heart rate.

Question 3

In the context of specialized cell structure,the nucleus of a neuron is located in the _____.
A)axon hillock
B)dendrites
C)cell body
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

The nucleus of a neuron is located in the cell body, which contains various organelles such as the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The axon hillock is the region where the axon originates from the cell body, while the dendrites receive signals and transport them towards the cell body. The synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released and signals are transmitted.

Question 4

Nine-year-old Anna learns ballet by watching her mother and imitating her mother's movements.In the context of neurons,which of the following types of cells is most directly responsible for Anna's method of learning?
A)Mirror neurons
B)Glial cells
C)Schwann cells
D)Astrocytes

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are responsible for imitating the actions of others and translating them into one's own movements. Anna is learning ballet by watching her mother, and therefore, mirror neurons would be the type of cells responsible for this type of learning. Glial cells support and protect neurons, Schwann cells produce myelin sheaths around axons, and astrocytes regulate the environment around neurons. These types of cells are not directly related to Anna's method of learning ballet.

Question 5

The cell body of a neuron contains the _____,which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance.
A)dendrites
B)nucleus
C)axon
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is the part of the neuron that contains genetic information, which directs the manufacture of substances necessary for the neuron's growth and maintenance.

Question 6

In the context of the nervous system,by far,the majority of information processing in the brain is done by _____.
A)neurons
B)glial cells
C)astrocytes
D)satellite cells

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the main cells in the nervous system responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information. While glial cells, astrocytes, and satellite cells play important supportive roles, they do not contribute to information processing to the same extent as neurons.

Question 7

If a person needs to run away from a dangerous situation,the _____ nervous system sends blood to the person's extremities to prepare him or her for taking off.
A)central
B)somatic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for emergency situations such as running away from danger. This includes increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and sending blood to the muscles in the extremities.

Question 8

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,the somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves,whose function is to _____.
A)mobilize the body for action in a dangerous situation
B)calm the body to inhibit a particular action
C)take messages to the body's internal organs from the brain
D)convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves that convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system. This information is then processed and used to coordinate voluntary movement and other sensory experiences.

Question 9

Harry is driving on the interstate highway for the first time since he obtained his license.He is nervous and wants to get off the interstate but cannot do so;his heart and pulse are racing.In this scenario,Harry's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.
A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)central

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which includes increased heart rate and breathing, as well as feelings of anxiety and nervousness. These physiological responses are consistent with Harry's experience of driving on the interstate for the first time, suggesting that his sympathetic nervous system is being activated. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's rest and digest response and is less likely to be activated in a situation like this. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and would not specifically explain Harry's physiological responses in this situation.

Question 10

_____ are activated in human and nonhuman primates both when they perform an action and when they watch someone else perform that same activity.
A)Mirror neurons
B)Glial cells
C)Motor neurons
D)Afferent nerves

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are a type of neuron found in the brains of humans and nonhuman primates that activate both when an individual performs a specific action and when they observe someone else performing the same action. This is why they are often referred to as "mirror" neurons. Glial cells, motor neurons, and afferent nerves do not have this same function of activating in response to observation of others' actions.

Question 11

In the context of the nervous system,_____ are specifically responsible for keeping neurons running smoothly.
A)glial cells
B)motor nerves
C)axons
D)capillaries

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons. They are responsible for nourishing neurons, maintaining their connections, and regulating their chemical environment. Glial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells.

Question 12

After taking her English final,Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating.She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates,as well as her muscular tension.In this scenario,her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system.
A)somatic
B)central
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and relaxation responses in the body, including lowering heart rate, respiration rate, and muscular tension. The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response and would not be responsible for physiological relaxation. The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movements, and the central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory input.

Question 13

Which part of the nervous system will be most active when Martin,a backpacker,acts quickly in response to a wild animal approaching him?
A)Sympathetic nervous system
B)Central nervous system
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

In a high-stress situation such as being approached by a wild animal, the body's natural fight-or-flight response is triggered, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. This system prepares the body for intense physical activity by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and increasing blood flow to muscles. The central nervous system and somatic nervous system are also involved in the response, but the sympathetic nervous system is the most active in this scenario. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for calming the body down after the stressor has passed, which is not relevant in this situation.

Question 14

In the context of the nervous system,which of the following is NOT true of glial cells?
A)They are responsible for the majority of information processing in the brain.
B)They are responsible for providing support in the nervous system.
C)They are responsible for providing nutritional benefits to neurons.
D)They keep neurons running smoothly.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells are not responsible for the majority of information processing in the brain. This is the job of neurons, which are the primary information-processing cells in the nervous system. Glial cells, on the other hand, mainly provide support and protection to neurons.

Question 15

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,such processes as heart rate,breathing,and digestion are monitored by the _____.
A)somatic nervous system
B)circulatory system
C)lymphatic system
D)autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for monitoring and maintaining involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the circulatory and lymphatic systems primarily deal with the distribution of blood and lymph fluids, respectively.

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics makes mirror neurons so fascinating?
A)Mirror neurons do not respond to sensory information or motor information.
B)Mirror neurons provide nutritional benefits in the nervous system.
C)Mirror neurons appear to respond to both kinds of information, doing and seeing.
D)Mirror neurons do not have synapses and they do not release neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are fascinating because they appear to respond to both sensory and motor information, allowing individuals to both perform and perceive actions. This has led to hypotheses that mirror neurons play a role in empathy, language development, and other aspects of social interaction.

Question 17

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?
A)Somatic nervous system
B)Parasympathetic nervous system
C)Sympathetic nervous system
D)Central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for triggering the "fight or flight" response, which includes increased heart rate and the sensation of butterflies in the stomach.

Question 18

Elizabeth feels her heart racing while she waits for her turn at a job interview.These physiological symptoms are most likely produced by her _____ nervous system.
A)central
B)somatic
C)parasympathetic
D)sympathetic

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, which includes increased heart rate, sweating, and other physiological symptoms related to stress and anxiety. Elizabeth's symptoms suggest that her sympathetic nervous system is activated.

Question 19

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing,heart rate,and digestion?
A)Somatic nervous system
B)Autonomic nervous system
C)Limbic system
D)Circulatory system

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement and sensory information from the external environment, while the limbic system is involved in emotion and motivation. The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of blood throughout the body.

Question 20

In the context of neurons,glial cells in the nervous system:
A)provide support and nutritional benefits to neurons.
B)single-handedly manage information processing.
C)respond to motor and sensory information.
D)carry information away from the cell body toward other cells.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, provide support and nutritional benefits to neurons in the nervous system. They have several functions, including providing physical and metabolic support to neurons, regulating the extracellular fluid surrounding neurons, and participating in the immune defense of the nervous system. While they play crucial roles in the functioning of the nervous system, they do not single-handedly manage information processing or respond to motor and sensory information. Additionally, they do not carry information away from the cell body toward other cells.

Quiz 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior

Which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system?

In the context of specialized cell structure,the nucleus of a neuron is located in the _____.

Nine-year-old Anna learns ballet by watching her mother and imitating her mother's movements.In the context of neurons,which of the following types of cells is most directly responsible for Anna's method of learning?

The cell body of a neuron contains the _____,which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance.

In the context of the nervous system,by far,the majority of information processing in the brain is done by _____.

If a person needs to run away from a dangerous situation,the _____ nervous system sends blood to the person's extremities to prepare him or her for taking off.

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,the somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves,whose function is to _____.

Harry is driving on the interstate highway for the first time since he obtained his license.He is nervous and wants to get off the interstate but cannot do so;his heart and pulse are racing.In this scenario,Harry's physiological responses can be best attributed to his _____ nervous system.

_____ are activated in human and nonhuman primates both when they perform an action and when they watch someone else perform that same activity.

In the context of the nervous system,_____ are specifically responsible for keeping neurons running smoothly.

After taking her English final,Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating.She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates,as well as her muscular tension.In this scenario,her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system.

Which part of the nervous system will be most active when Martin,a backpacker,acts quickly in response to a wild animal approaching him?

In the context of the nervous system,which of the following is NOT true of glial cells?

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system,such processes as heart rate,breathing,and digestion are monitored by the _____.

Which of the following characteristics makes mirror neurons so fascinating?

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?

Elizabeth feels her heart racing while she waits for her turn at a job interview.These physiological symptoms are most likely produced by her _____ nervous system.

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for carrying messages to and from the body's internal organs and monitoring processes such as breathing,heart rate,and digestion?

In the context of neurons,glial cells in the nervous system: