Question 1

Increased pressure in the interstitial fluid and the presence of anchoring filaments facilitate the movement of interstitial fluid into the lymphatic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Increased pressure in the interstitial fluid helps push fluid into the lymphatic capillaries, while anchoring filaments pull the capillary walls open wider in response to increased interstitial fluid, facilitating the entry of fluid into the lymphatic system.

Question 2

The palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) are aggregates of lymphoid tissue located in the:
A) nasal cavity
B) pharynx (throat)
C) larynx (voice box)
D) trachea (windpipe)

Accepted Answer

The palatine tonsils are located on either side at the back of the throat, and the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) is located in the roof of the pharynx, behind the nose. Both are part of the pharynx (throat), making option B correct.

Question 3

The removal of the axillary lymph nodes during a breast cancer surgery would result in widespread edema in which region?
A) neck
B) upper limb
C) lower limb
D) abdomen

Accepted Answer

The axillary lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which helps in the drainage of lymphatic fluid from tissues. Removing these nodes during breast cancer surgery can disrupt the normal drainage of lymph from the upper limb, leading to accumulation of lymph fluid and causing edema (swelling) in that area.

Question 4

Tissues that lack lymphatic capillaries include avascular tissues.

Accepted Answer

Avascular tissues, such as cartilage, epithelia, and the cornea, lack their own blood supply and, consequently, also lack lymphatic capillaries.

Question 5

The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Accepted Answer

The spleen is indeed the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body, playing a crucial role in immune response and blood filtration.

Question 6

Which of the following axillary group nodes is most responsible for draining the entire upper limb?
A) lateral nodes
B) pectoral (anterior) nodes
C) subscapular (posterior) nodes
D) central (intermediate) nodes

Accepted Answer

The lateral nodes (also known as the brachial nodes) are primarily responsible for draining lymph from the entire upper limb. They receive lymph from the superficial and deep vessels of the arm.

Question 7

The parenchyma (functional part) of the spleen consists of:
A) fibroblasts.
B) trabeculae.
C) a capsule.
D) red pulp and white pulp.

Accepted Answer

The spleen's parenchyma, or functional tissue, is made up of red pulp and white pulp. Red pulp is involved in filtering blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells, while white pulp is involved in the immune response.

Question 8

Edema, or excess accumulation of interstitial fluid, is due to anchoring filaments causing closure of the spaces between lymphatic endothelial cells.

Accepted Answer

Edema is primarily due to increased fluid pressure in the blood vessels or decreased osmotic pressure, leading to excess fluid leaking into the interstitial spaces, not due to anchoring filaments causing closure of spaces between lymphatic endothelial cells.

Question 9

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger vein-like vessels called lymphatic vessels.

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger vessels known as lymphatic vessels, which are similar in structure to veins and transport lymph fluid back towards the heart.

Question 10

Sinusitis, nasal congestion, sore throat, coughing as well as other upper respiratory conditions will produce swollen lymph nodes of which group?
A) cervical
B) submandibular
C) parotid
D) axillary

Accepted Answer

The cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck and are responsible for draining lymph fluid from the head and neck area, including the sinuses, throat, and upper respiratory tract. When there is an infection or inflammation in these areas, such as sinusitis or a sore throat, the cervical lymph nodes can become swollen as they work to filter out the pathogens.

Question 11

T lymphocytes gain competence and maturity under the control of a hormone produced and secreted from the:
A) red bone marrow
B) medullary cavity of bones
C) lymph nodes
D) thymus

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes mature under the influence of thymosin, a hormone produced by the thymus gland.

Question 12

Lymphatic capillaries are found in: 
1) intracellular spaces
2) intercellular spaces
3) interstitial spaces
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) both 2 and 3

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries are found in intercellular (between cells) and interstitial spaces (spaces between tissues), facilitating the drainage of lymph from tissues back into the bloodstream.

Question 13

_____ contains stem cells that become lymphocytes.
A) The thymus
B) Red bone marrow
C) The spleen
D) Lymph nodes

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell important for the immune system.

Question 14

Within the lymphatic system, lymph flows, in order, through the following structures: lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph trunks, lymphatic ducts.

Accepted Answer

Lymph flows from lymphatic capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels, then through lymph nodes where it is filtered. From there, it moves into lymph trunks and finally into the larger lymphatic ducts, which drain into the venous blood system.

Question 15

The lymphatic vessels arise from:
A) ectoderm.
B) endoderm.
C) mesoderm.
D) all of these choices are correct

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic vessels arise from the mesoderm, which is one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo that gives rise to the body's circulatory and lymphatic systems, among other structures.

Question 16

The _____ nodes are the largest group of nodes in the neck.
A) superficial cervical
B) submandibular
C) submental
D) deep cervical

Accepted Answer

The deep cervical nodes are the largest group of lymph nodes in the neck, playing a crucial role in draining lymph from various parts of the head and neck.

Question 17

Lymphadenitis is a condition where the skin overlying a swollen lymph node becomes red and tender.

Accepted Answer

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes, often causing the skin over the affected nodes to become red and tender due to infection or other inflammatory processes.

Question 18

Tonsils are examples of lymphatic nodules.

Accepted Answer

Tonsils are indeed examples of lymphatic nodules, which are small, localized clusters of lymphoid tissue that filter lymph and participate in the immune response.

Question 19

Lymph enters a lymph node via _____ and exits through _____.
A) afferent vessels; efferent vessels
B) efferent vessels; afferent vessels
C) medullary sinuses; trabecular sinuses
D) subscapular sinuses; medullary sinuses

Accepted Answer

Lymph enters a lymph node through afferent lymphatic vessels and exits through efferent lymphatic vessels.

Question 20

Which of the following vessels does NOT exist for the spleen?
A) splenic artery
B) splenic vein
C) afferent lymphatic vessel
D) efferent lymphatic vessel

Accepted Answer

The spleen does not have afferent lymphatic vessels because it only outputs lymphatic fluid through efferent lymphatic vessels, reflecting its role in filtering blood and not receiving lymph from the peripheral tissues.

Quiz 15: The Lymphatic Lymphoid System and Immunity

Increased pressure in the interstitial fluid and the presence of anchoring filaments facilitate the movement of interstitial fluid into the lymphatic capillaries.

The palatine tonsils and pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) are aggregates of lymphoid tissue located in the:

The removal of the axillary lymph nodes during a breast cancer surgery would result in widespread edema in which region?

Tissues that lack lymphatic capillaries include avascular tissues.

The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body.

Which of the following axillary group nodes is most responsible for draining the entire upper limb?

The parenchyma (functional part) of the spleen consists of:

Edema, or excess accumulation of interstitial fluid, is due to anchoring filaments causing closure of the spaces between lymphatic endothelial cells.

Lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger vein-like vessels called lymphatic vessels.

Sinusitis, nasal congestion, sore throat, coughing as well as other upper respiratory conditions will produce swollen lymph nodes of which group?

T lymphocytes gain competence and maturity under the control of a hormone produced and secreted from the:

Lymphatic capillaries are found in: 1) intracellular spaces 2) intercellular spaces 3) interstitial spaces

_____ contains stem cells that become lymphocytes.

Within the lymphatic system, lymph flows, in order, through the following structures: lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph trunks, lymphatic ducts.

The lymphatic vessels arise from:

The _____ nodes are the largest group of nodes in the neck.

Lymphadenitis is a condition where the skin overlying a swollen lymph node becomes red and tender.

Tonsils are examples of lymphatic nodules.

Lymph enters a lymph node via _ and exits through _.

Which of the following vessels does NOT exist for the spleen?