Question 1

Which of the following can occur as a result of fetal-maternal Rh incompatability in the fetal blood?

Accepted Answer

Fetal-maternal Rh incompatibility can lead to agglutination and hemolysis of the fetal red blood cells, which can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Question 2

Neutrophils provide weapons against bacteria in the form of:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils combat bacteria through various mechanisms, including the release of lysozymes that break down bacterial cell walls, defensins that puncture bacterial membranes, and strong oxidants that damage bacterial cells.

Question 3

Pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia are two conditions that result from inadequate absorption of

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia are often caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which is crucial for the production of healthy red blood cells and DNA synthesis.

Question 4

Monocytes migrate into body tissues to become phagocytic cells called:

Accepted Answer

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages, which are key players in the immune system's response to infection and injury, acting as phagocytes to engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, and cancer cells.

Question 5

The heme portion of hemoglobin contains iron that binds reversibly with oxygen. In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, hemoglobin functions in blood pressure regulation by ferrying nitric oxide throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are true. The heme portion of hemoglobin indeed contains iron that is essential for oxygen binding, allowing hemoglobin to transport oxygen throughout the body. Additionally, hemoglobin does play a role in blood pressure regulation by transporting nitric oxide, a vasodilator that helps in regulating blood vessel dilation and thus blood pressure.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is not a type of leukemia. It is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, whereas leukemia is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells.

Question 7

The components of the cardiovascular system include: 
1) interstitial fluid
2) blood vessels
3) heart
4) lymphatic vessels
5) blood

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Lymphatic vessels and interstitial fluid are part of the lymphatic system, not the cardiovascular system.

Question 8

Following a routine CBC (complete blood count), the hematocrit for Ms. Smith, a 46-year old female, is 32%. This would most likely be indicative of what condition?

Accepted Answer

A hematocrit level of 32% in a 46-year-old female is below the normal range (typically around 36-48% for adult females), indicating a reduced concentration of red blood cells, which is indicative of anemia.

Question 9

A hematocrit of 54% or higher (upper limit of normal) is an indication of polycythemia.

Accepted Answer

A hematocrit level of 54% or higher is above the normal range for most adults, indicating an increased concentration of red blood cells, which is a characteristic of polycythemia.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood?

Accepted Answer

The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45, not 7.25 to 7.55.

Question 11

Sites of hemopoiesis in the adult include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

In adults, hematopoiesis primarily occurs in the bone marrow of the sternum, pelvis, ribs, and the heads of the femur and humerus. The liver is a primary site of hematopoiesis during fetal development but not in normal adult hematopoiesis.

Question 12

Which of the following lead(s) to an increase in the rate of RBC production?

Accepted Answer

All of these choices lead to an increase in the rate of RBC production. Hypoxia stimulates the production of erythropoietin, which in turn increases RBC production. Testosterone also promotes RBC production, contributing to higher levels in males.

Question 13

Blood functions to: 
1) protect against its excessive loss after injury
2) play a role in pH regulation
3) protect against UV radiation damage
4) protect against disease
5) assist with regulation of body temperature

Accepted Answer

Blood functions to protect against excessive loss after injury (clotting), play a role in pH regulation (buffer systems), protect against disease (immune functions), and assist with regulation of body temperature (heat distribution). It does not protect against UV radiation damage.

Question 14

Platelets:

Accepted Answer

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, play a crucial role in hemostasis by promoting blood clotting and repairing damaged blood vessels. They are not derived from red blood cells, are less numerous than red blood cells, and have a shorter lifespan.

Question 15

A, B, and Rh(D) are examples of _____ found on the surface of red blood cells.
1) antibodies
2)antigens
3) plasma proteins

Accepted Answer

2 onlyA, B, and Rh(D) are antigens present on the surface of red blood cells, not antibodies or plasma proteins.

Question 16

The life span of a red blood cell is approximately:

Accepted Answer

The life span of a red blood cell is approximately 120 days (four months).

Question 17

Reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity is a condition referred to as

Accepted Answer

Anemia is the condition characterized by a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, typically due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin they contain.

Question 18

The white blood cells that typically increase in number in response to allergic conditions or parasitic infections are the _____.

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils typically increase in number in response to allergic conditions or parasitic infections. They play a crucial role in the body's immune response by fighting off these invaders and participating in the inflammatory process.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about factors involved in the formation of blood cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Thrombopoietin is primarily produced in the liver, not the kidney, and it regulates the production of platelets, not their clotting activities.

Question 20

Levels of which granular leukocyte are increased immediately following a tissue injury?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the first type of white blood cells to increase in number and respond to a site of injury or infection, playing a key role in inflammation and the innate immune response.

Quiz 12: The Cardiovascular System: Blood