Question 1

__________is a major reason that people join groups.

Accepted Answer

People often join groups to achieve goals that they might not be able to accomplish alone.

Question 2

"I dislike making cold calls," said the insurance sales producer. This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I dislike making cold calls" reflects the affective component of an attitude, which involves a person's feelings or emotions about the attitude object. In this case, it's the emotional reaction to making cold calls.

Question 3

__________is the extent to which others in the same situation tend to behave in the same way.

Accepted Answer

Consensus refers to the degree to which other people in the same situation behave in a similar manner. If many people react similarly in a given situation, high consensus is indicated.

Question 4

After Marty worked in a fast- food restaurant for three years to pay for his college tuition, he vowed never to work in another restaurant. But after graduation, when he returned home, the only job offer Marty could get was managing the local Burger King. Marty's acceptance of this job is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Marty's acceptance of the job at Burger King despite his vow never to work in a restaurant again creates a situation where his beliefs and actions are inconsistent. This inconsistency leads to cognitive dissonance, a psychological discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, beliefs, values, or emotional reactions).

Question 5

Rosemary Clooney sometimes volunteers for extra job activities at work and provides extra help for a new member on her committee. What do we call these additional efforts?

Accepted Answer

These additional efforts are referred to as organizational citizenship, which involves voluntary actions that contribute to the organization and are not part of the formal job requirements.

Question 6

All except which of the following determine whether a behavior was internally or externally controlled?

Accepted Answer

The halo effect does not determine whether a behavior was internally or externally controlled. Instead, distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency are the three key indicators used in attribution theory to determine the locus of control for a behavior. The halo effect is a cognitive bias where our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think about their character.

Question 7

Which of the following is concerned with the degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance important to his or her self- worth?

Accepted Answer

Job involvement refers to the degree to which an individual identifies with their job, actively participates in it, and views their job performance as important to their self-worth.

Question 8

The goals of organizational behavior are to

Accepted Answer

The goals of organizational behavior are to explain and predict behavior, which helps in understanding how individuals and groups interact within organizations and how this affects performance and productivity.

Question 9

The__________ index of the Myers- Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)reflects an attitude toward the external world that is either task- completion- oriented or information seeking.

Accepted Answer

The judging-perceiving index of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) reflects an individual's attitude toward the external world, particularly in how they prefer to live their outer life. Those with a judging preference tend to prefer a structured, decided lifestyle, focusing on task completion, while those with a perceiving preference are more adaptable and open, often seeking information and experiences.

Question 10

Application of Personality Traits and Predicting Work- Related Behaviors
Talk about personalities! Samantha is sure she has one of everything in her very diverse workforce. Sometimes she wonders if her 20 employees have anything in common. Yesterday Jon came in complaining and blaming her for his poor performance evaluation. He seemed to forget the five differing times during the last six months he and Samantha had sat down and discussed the fact that his continual tardiness and absences were going to affect his evaluation. Then there was Joe, who was always Joe. He was a likable enough person, but he was always loud and outspoken and bordered on being rude. Even when the president of the company had been in the office last week, Joe was still the same Joe. Then there was Cassie who made daily the statement that the end justifies the means. Samantha, more than once, had to remind Cassie of the company code of ethics. Finally, though, there was Jennifer who quietly and efficiently did her work on a consistent basis. She was always ready for a new assignment and trusted that she had the abilities needed in order to succeed on the next project. For Samantha, she was a safety net in times of crisis.
-Joe demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Joe's behavior, described as loud, outspoken, and consistent even in the presence of the company president, indicates low self-monitoring. He does not adjust his behavior according to social cues or contexts.

Question 11

Application of Personality Traits and Predicting Work- Related Behaviors
Talk about personalities! Samantha is sure she has one of everything in her very diverse workforce. Sometimes she wonders if her 20 employees have anything in common. Yesterday Jon came in complaining and blaming her for his poor performance evaluation. He seemed to forget the five differing times during the last six months he and Samantha had sat down and discussed the fact that his continual tardiness and absences were going to affect his evaluation. Then there was Joe, who was always Joe. He was a likable enough person, but he was always loud and outspoken and bordered on being rude. Even when the president of the company had been in the office last week, Joe was still the same Joe. Then there was Cassie who made daily the statement that the end justifies the means. Samantha, more than once, had to remind Cassie of the company code of ethics. Finally, though, there was Jennifer who quietly and efficiently did her work on a consistent basis. She was always ready for a new assignment and trusted that she had the abilities needed in order to succeed on the next project. For Samantha, she was a safety net in times of crisis.
-Cassie demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cassie's belief that "the end justifies the means" is indicative of high Machiavellianism, a personality trait characterized by manipulation and a focus on self-interest and deception to achieve one's goals.

Question 12

One point in studying national cultures is that national cultures differ in terms of the degree to which people believe they__________ their environment.

Accepted Answer

National cultures differ in the degree to which people believe they control their environment, reflecting variations in perceived agency and the ability to influence outcomes within different cultural contexts.

Question 13

A manager who experiments with new ideas, takes chances with new products, and leads his or her department to try new ways to solve problems has high__________ .

Accepted Answer

A manager with high risk propensity is more likely to experiment with new ideas, take chances with new products, and lead their department in trying new ways to solve problems, as this trait reflects a willingness to engage in actions that could lead to significant outcomes, either positive or negative.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a step that can be taken when there is inconsistency between attitudes and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 15

Application of Shortcuts Used in Judging Others
Frederic has 15 sales employees for whom he is responsible. In the next month, he must conduct performance evaluations for all of his employees. His employees are all so different, sometimes it seems to Frederic there is no way to give an honest appraisal of each individual. Just this morning, for example, two employees were late for the weekly sales meeting. Frederic can never remember Jake being late before, but Carol is late every week. Carol's constant tardiness for their weekly meeting is the primary characteristic that comes to mind when Frederic sits down to do her performance appraisal. Jake, on the other hand, is always on time, always has his reports in by their due date, and always meets all deadlines. Then there is George.
George is his outstanding salesperson. Each month Frederic expects more business to be written by George than the previous month, and George never lets him down. At least Frederic knows he can depend on George.
-Frederic's expectations of George are an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Frederic's expectations of George consistently improving his sales performance each month, and George living up to those expectations, is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy. This is where Frederic's expectations influence his behavior towards George in a way that George is likely to meet those expectations.

Question 16

People who believe they possess the ability needed in order to succeed on the job have a(n)__________ .

Accepted Answer

People who believe they possess the ability needed to succeed on the job typically have high self-esteem, which reflects confidence in their own abilities.

Question 17

According to Holland's Typology of Personality and Sample Occupations, a lawyer or real estate agent should have which of the following personality types?

Accepted Answer

Lawyers and real estate agents typically fit the enterprising personality type in Holland's Typology, as this type involves leading and persuading others, traits common in these professions.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a key point in Holland's model?

Accepted Answer

Holland's model suggests that people in job environments congruent with their personality types are more likely to be satisfied and less likely to voluntarily resign, making option A incorrect as it states the opposite.

Question 19

Application of Personality Traits and Predicting Work- Related Behaviors
Talk about personalities! Samantha is sure she has one of everything in her very diverse workforce. Sometimes she wonders if her 20 employees have anything in common. Yesterday Jon came in complaining and blaming her for his poor performance evaluation. He seemed to forget the five differing times during the last six months he and Samantha had sat down and discussed the fact that his continual tardiness and absences were going to affect his evaluation. Then there was Joe, who was always Joe. He was a likable enough person, but he was always loud and outspoken and bordered on being rude. Even when the president of the company had been in the office last week, Joe was still the same Joe. Then there was Cassie who made daily the statement that the end justifies the means. Samantha, more than once, had to remind Cassie of the company code of ethics. Finally, though, there was Jennifer who quietly and efficiently did her work on a consistent basis. She was always ready for a new assignment and trusted that she had the abilities needed in order to succeed on the next project. For Samantha, she was a safety net in times of crisis.
-Samantha is relatively poised, calm, resilient, and secure in the face of day- to- day stress. According to the "Big Five" personality traits, she is low on__________ .

Accepted Answer

Samantha is described as poised, calm, resilient, and secure, indicating high emotional stability. The question states she is low on one of the traits, which contradicts the description given, suggesting an error in the question's phrasing.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a component of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

The three components of an attitude are the affective component (feelings), the behavioral component (actions), and the cognitive component (beliefs). The "emotional component" is not distinctively recognized as a separate component of an attitude, as emotions are generally considered part of the affective component.

Quiz 8: Foundations of Individual and Group Behavior