Question 1

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT characteristic...

Question 2

During an initial interview, a patient tells you that he is having intense bizarre nightmares but awakens spontaneously. What phase of sleep would you tell the physician the patient has described to you?

Accepted Answer

Bizarre, vivid dreams and nightmares are most commonly associated with REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This phase of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, low muscle tone, and the ability to have vivid dreams.

Question 3

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep has been proposed to serve various functions, including facilitating long-term memory (A), conserving energy (B), enhancing immune function (D), and mental practicing while dreaming (E). However, clearing short-term memory (C) is not commonly cited as a function of sleep; instead, sleep is thought to play a role in consolidating memories, which involves transferring information from short-term to long-term memory storage.

Question 4

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask her to state her name and house address. She appears to understand your question, but when she tries to answer, she stutters and slurs her words, which are not grammatically correct. What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

Accepted Answer

The patient's symptoms of understanding the question but having difficulty producing grammatically correct speech, with stuttering and slurring, are indicative of Broca's aphasia. This type of aphasia is characterized by impaired speech production but relatively preserved comprehension.

Question 5

Huntington's disease is one of the few dominant genetic disorders that causes exaggerated involuntary jerking motions and progressive dementia. What area of the brain is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei (also known as basal ganglia) are primarily responsible for the symptoms of Huntington's disease, including exaggerated involuntary jerking motions (chorea) and progressive dementia. The basal nuclei are involved in the regulation of voluntary motor movements and procedural learning, and their dysfunction is a key factor in Huntington's disease pathology.

Question 6

Parkinson's disease appears to target______cells within the______.

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain involved in movement control. This leads to the characteristic symptoms of the disease, such as tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia.

Question 7

Which of the following is known to cause drowsiness?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are known to cause drowsiness as a side effect, which is why they are often used in sleep aids and to treat allergies.

Question 8

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

Accepted Answer

Babies indeed can sleep up to 17 hours a day, and it is also true that older adults may require less sleep. This response reassures the mother about the normalcy of her baby's and husband's sleep patterns without unnecessary concern.

Question 9

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is responsible for the comprehension of language, distinguishing it from other brain regions that have different functions related to emotion, hormonal regulation, and speech production.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow -wave sleep?

Accepted Answer

Elaborate and intense dreams are characteristic of REM sleep, not slow-wave sleep. Slow-wave sleep is associated with decreased brain activity, muscle tone, and increased parasympathetic activity, but not with elaborate and intense dreams.

Question 11

When you're awake and alert, an EEG shows a pattern of high -frequency, low -amplitude oscillations known as______ . When you're awake but resting, the EEG shifts to a new pattern of Lower -frequency, higher -amplitude waves known as______ .

Accepted Answer

When you're awake and alert, the EEG typically shows beta waves, which are high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillations. When you're awake but in a relaxed state, such as with your eyes closed, the EEG shifts to show alpha waves, which are lower-frequency, higher-amplitude waves.

Question 12

Your roommate not only talks in her sleep but also sleepwalks. Which statement best describe what sleep phase she is in?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking and talking in sleep typically occur during slow-wave sleep (SWS), which is a non-REM sleep stage.

Question 13

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

Accepted Answer

The most recently learned language is often more vulnerable to damage, but if both languages were acquired simultaneously, they are likely to be equally affected.

Question 14

When your mind is "racing" at night and you cannot fall asleep what, region of the brain is keeping you awake?

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is a network of neurons in the brainstem that is responsible for arousal and wakefulness. When the reticular formation is active, it sends signals to the forebrain that keep us awake.

Question 15

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask him to state his name and house address. He has no response. You write down your question and have him read it. His reply is "yesterday morrow soon." What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

Accepted Answer

The patient is displaying Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and difficulty understanding language. The patient's response "yesterday morrow soon" indicates fluent speech without meaningful communication, typical of Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 16

What anatomical feature of the brain has a similar function to that of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei, like the cerebellum, play a crucial role in coordinating and regulating motor control and movements, although they do so through different pathways and mechanisms.

Question 17

Which statement best describes why nicotine should be avoided before going to bed?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine mimics acetylcholine, which is associated with the ascending reticular activating system, leading to increased alertness and difficulty in falling asleep.

Question 18

If you tend to remember your dreams, what stage of sleep are you in and what time of the night are the dreams likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Dreams are most vividly remembered when they occur during REM sleep, especially late in the sleep cycle, just before waking in the morning.

Question 19

During rapid eye movement sleep, there is a(n)______ in frequency of the electroencephalogram and a(n)______ in arousal threshold.

Accepted Answer

During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, there is an increase in the frequency of brain waves as observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG), indicating more brain activity similar to that seen during wakefulness. Additionally, there is an increase in arousal threshold, meaning it's harder to wake someone up from REM sleep compared to other sleep stages.

Question 20

Rapid eye movement (REM) is called paradoxical sleep because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rapid eye movement (REM) is called paradoxical...

Quiz 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

During an initial interview, a patient tells you that he is having intense bizarre nightmares but awakens spontaneously. What phase of sleep would you tell the physician the patient has described to you?

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a function of sleep?

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask her to state her name and house address. She appears to understand your question, but when she tries to answer, she stutters and slurs her words, which are not grammatically correct. What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

Huntington's disease is one of the few dominant genetic disorders that causes exaggerated involuntary jerking motions and progressive dementia. What area of the brain is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

Parkinson's disease appears to targetcells within the.

Which of the following is known to cause drowsiness?

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow -wave sleep?

When you're awake and alert, an EEG shows a pattern of high -frequency, low -amplitude oscillations known as . When you're awake but resting, the EEG shifts to a new pattern of Lower -frequency, higher -amplitude waves known as .

Your roommate not only talks in her sleep but also sleepwalks. Which statement best describe what sleep phase she is in?

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

When your mind is "racing" at night and you cannot fall asleep what, region of the brain is keeping you awake?

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask him to state his name and house address. He has no response. You write down your question and have him read it. His reply is "yesterday morrow soon." What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

What anatomical feature of the brain has a similar function to that of the cerebellum?

Which statement best describes why nicotine should be avoided before going to bed?

If you tend to remember your dreams, what stage of sleep are you in and what time of the night are the dreams likely occurring?

During rapid eye movement sleep, there is a(n) in frequency of the electroencephalogram and a(n) in arousal threshold.

Rapid eye movement (REM) is called paradoxical sleep because

Quiz 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

During an initial interview, a patient tells you that he is having intense bizarre nightmares but awakens spontaneously. What phase of sleep would you tell the physician the patient has described to you?

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a function of sleep?

Huntington's disease is one of the few dominant genetic disorders that causes exaggerated involuntary jerking motions and progressive dementia. What area of the brain is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

Parkinson's disease appears to target______cells within the______.

Which of the following is known to cause drowsiness?

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of slow -wave sleep?

When you're awake and alert, an EEG shows a pattern of high -frequency, low -amplitude oscillations known as______ . When you're awake but resting, the EEG shifts to a new pattern of Lower -frequency, higher -amplitude waves known as______ .

Your roommate not only talks in her sleep but also sleepwalks. Which statement best describe what sleep phase she is in?

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

When your mind is "racing" at night and you cannot fall asleep what, region of the brain is keeping you awake?

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask him to state his name and house address. He has no response. You write down your question and have him read it. His reply is "yesterday morrow soon." What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

What anatomical feature of the brain has a similar function to that of the cerebellum?

Which statement best describes why nicotine should be avoided before going to bed?

If you tend to remember your dreams, what stage of sleep are you in and what time of the night are the dreams likely occurring?

During rapid eye movement sleep, there is a(n) ______ in frequency of the electroencephalogram and a(n) ______ in arousal threshold.

Rapid eye movement (REM) is called paradoxical sleep because

Parkinson's disease appears to targetcells within the.

When you're awake and alert, an EEG shows a pattern of high -frequency, low -amplitude oscillations known as . When you're awake but resting, the EEG shifts to a new pattern of Lower -frequency, higher -amplitude waves known as .

During rapid eye movement sleep, there is a(n) in frequency of the electroencephalogram and a(n) in arousal threshold.