Quiz 9: Immunity and the Lymphatic System

Which of the following is part of our innate immune system? A) Complement B) White blood cells C) Antibodies D) Macrophages

Which plasma proteins come together in a specific order to destroy invading bacteria? A) Fever B) Interferon C) Inflammation D) Complement

We acquire which kind of immunity throughout our lives? A) Specific B) Innate C) Nonspecific D) Passive

Where does the "fight-or-flight" response belong in the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome? A) Alarm B) Resistance C) Adaptation D) Exhaustion

Which event is characteristic of the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A) Muscle breaks down protein B) Posttraumatic stress disorder C) Release of epinephrine D) Wounds heal slower

Why does the body shift blood to your skeletal muscles during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A) To help digestion; too much blood inhibits normal digestive function B) To flood the muscles with nutrients because they will need to be ready to exert C) To relieve muscle soreness D) To get ready for the next phase

What is happening during the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A) Increased energy levels B) Heightened mental alertness C) Organs are failing due to prolonged stress response and resulting damage D) The person sleeps to recover from the stress

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is depicted here? A) Exhaustion B) Resistance C) Alarm D) Adaptation

During the resistance phase, what is the purpose of the communication between the two organs depicted here? A) Stimulate the release of glucocorticoids to stimulate production of glucose B) Conserve water C) Conserve salt D) Stimulate the adrenal gland to release epinephrine

The skin is also known as a: A) pleural membrane. B) serous membrane. C) cutaneous membrane. D) synovial membrane.

Which of the following is a function of the skin? A) Moving blood and fluid through the regions of the body B) Vitamin D production C) Attachment surface for bones D) Blood pressure regulation

Which layer of the skin contains the most fat? A) Epidermis B) Hypodermis C) Dermis D) Hyperdermis

The outer layer of our skin is composed of which of the following tissue types? A) Connective tissue B) Smooth tissue C) Stratified squamous epithelial tissue D) Nervous tissue

Which of the following cells is stimulated by UV radiation? A) Adipose cell B) Meissner cell C) Keratinocyte D) Melanocyte

Which is the most common form of skin cancer? A) Melanoma B) Basal cell carcinoma C) Squamous cell carcinoma D) Cuboidal cell carcinoma

Which is an accessory organ of the skin? A) Keratin B) Melanocyte C) Pacinian corpuscle D) Hair

What is the function of nociceptors? A) Detect fine touch B) Register pressure C) Sense vibrations D) Register pain

Which type of gland is associated with acne? A) Sebaceous B) Apocrine C) Sweat D) Eccrine

What property of water is sweating taking advantage of? A) Adhesion B) Heat of vaporization C) Universal solvent D) Heat of condensation

Which is the nonvascular portion of the skin? A) A B) B C) C D) D

What is the purpose of D? A) Produce oil on the hair it is attached to B) Produce sweat C) Produce the color of the hair it is attached to D) To raise its associated hair

What is the purpose of E? A) Produces oil for the skin B) Produces watery sweat C) Produces a future hair D) Sensory receptor for fine touch

What happens when the complement system gets activated? A) Inflammation begins B) You sense pain C) Specific plasma proteins assemble D) Macrophages assemble

Which chemical barrier addresses a viral infection? A) Interferon B) Sebum C) Sweat D) Acidic fluids

Interferon is an example of what kind of hormone? A) Autocrine B) Eccrine C) Local D) Endocrine

What is one way in which fever can defend the body? A) The spleen sequesters iron slowing bacterial reproduction. B) Metabolic rate slows at higher temperatures. C) Pyrogens block viral receptors. D) The thyroid increases production of immune cells.

Why should you "feed a fever"? A) Eating provides the energy and nutrients for the immune cells. B) Eating provides the nutrients used to create the inflammation. C) Eating shuts down the fever through a negative feedback mechanism. D) Eating provides energy and nutrients for the invading pathogens.

What is a macrophage? A) A type of chemical that causes a fever. B) A large cell that stops inflammation. C) A large cell that can ingest and destroy dying cells or cellular debris. D) A large cell in skin that produces keratin and melanin.

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? A) Movement of skeleton B) Production of vitamin D C) Absorbing fats from intestine D) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following is most chemically similar to lymph? A) Saliva B) Blood plasma C) Whole blood D) Fat

How are lymphatic capillaries different from blood vessels? A) They contain valves. B) They are tubes that allow diffusion. C) They bring fluid back to the heart. D) They are part of an open system.

Returning lymph is deposited into which structure as it re-joins cardiovascular circulation? A) Heart B) Lymph node C) Spleen D) Major veins of the chest

Mononucleosis can be life threatening due to: A) swollen lymph nodes. B) infection of the thymus gland. C) toxic chemicals deposited in the saliva. D) a swollen and potentially ruptured spleen.

What is the name of the lymphatic structure that filters the lymph but is not entirely encapsulated? A) tonsils B) thymus C) salivary glands D) pancreas

Identify the tissue that produces white blood cells. A) lymph vessels B) lymph node C) bone marrow D) thymus

What is the function of lymphatic structure B? A) Increase metabolism through release of hormones B) Store fat C) Protect the heart D) Produce mature T cells

What is the name of the lymphatic structure A? A) thymus B) lymph node C) spleen D) tonsil

What kind of cells are indicated at label A? A) Memory cells B) Helper T cells C) Cytotoxic T cells D) Plasma cells

What is the purpose of the cells labeled B? A) Produce more T cells B) Produce more macrophages C) Secrete a chemical to activate macrophages D) To serve as a memory of the infection for the future

What is the purpose of the cell labeled A? A) The cell is going to phagocytize the helper T cell. B) The cell is presenting an antigen that will activate the helper T cell. C) The cell is sending the antigen to the helper T cell to present to a cytotoxic T cell. D) The cell has inactivated the helper T cell.

What will the helper T cell do after what is pictured here? A) It will remain inactive because this step is only the first of two that are necessary for activation. B) It will clone itself and the clones will makes chemicals to get more immune cells involved. C) It will phagocytize the cell that has the antigen. D) It will form antibodies.

What type of immunity will be involved next? A) Humoral immunity B) Cell-mediated immunity C) Lymphatic immunity D) Both Humoral and Cell-mediated immunity

What is the function of the endocrine gland shown here? A) Maturation of B cells B) Maturation of T cells C) Production of pyrogens D) Production of macrophages

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells? A) Kill cancer cells B) Produce antibodies against your own cells C) Kill virally-infected cells D) Present antigens to helper T cells

Which is the most common type of antibody? A) IgA B) IgD C) IgE D) IgG

Which antibody is responsible for immediate allergic reactions? A) IgE B) IgD C) IgM D) IgG

Which of the following is an example of natural active immunity? A) Being given an attenuated form of a virus B) Breast feeding C) Acquiring the flu from work or school D) Flu vaccine

Breast feeding is an example of: A) natural active immunity. B) artificial active immunity. C) natural passive immunity. D) artificial passive immunity.

Gammaglobulin shots given to travellers visiting foreign countries, where new diseases may be encountered, is a type of: A) natural active immunity. B) artificial active immunity. C) natural passive immunity. D) artificial passive immunity.

What is happening during the lag period indicated on this graph? A) The lymphatic system is recovering from an infection. B) There is no infection yet. C) It takes time to detect the pathogen, stimulate the proper cells, and make antibodies. D) An autoimmune response is being generated.

Vaccines against which pathogen can protect against cancer? A) Polio B) HPV C) Hepatitis A D) Diptheria

Lymphatic organs function A) as filters that clean the lymph. B) to produce antibodies. C) in complement activation. D) to elevate pyrogens during an infection.

Adrenaline rushes are typical of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

Post-traumatic stress disorder looks like the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

One of the homeostatic functions of skin is to regulate temperature.

The epidermis is the bloodless part of skin and yet is not dead.

Nails are composed of flattened sheets of melanocytes.

Viruses secrete interferon to interfere with the complement system.

Fever increases the activity of the cells of the immune system to aid in a quicker recovery.

In ???????????__________ immunity lymphocytes function directly in attacking pathogens.

Epinephrine, also known as _____________, is responsible for the quick rush of energy experienced during the initial phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

The _________________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by depletion of lipid reserves and multiple organ failure.

The general protective defenses called the ___________ defenses are backed up by the _________ defenses that target unique antigens.

The skin is a(n) _______ defense that protects the body from foreign invaders.

When we tie our shoes in the morning, our __________________ are registering the pressure so we know how tightly we can tie them and still be comfortable.

The type of sweat gland secretion known as _______________ is responsible for the distinct smell associated with the armpit region.

The series of chemical reactions that brings together a group of plasma proteins to destroy a bacterial threat is called the ________________.

When surrounding cells detect ______________ from their neighbors, they prepare for a viral invasion.

Swelling, redness, heat and pain are all signs and symptoms of ________________.

Compare and contrast the nonspecific and specific defenses.

Describe why passive immunity doesn't provide immunity against disease in the long term.

Describe how fever aids in fighting infection and how it contributes to fatigue.