Question 1

A clue or prompt that helps stimulate recall of a stored piece of information from long-term memory is called a ________.
A)specificity code
B)priming pump
C)retrieval cue
D)flashbulb stimulus

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is any stimulus that assists in memory recall from long-term storage, making option C the correct answer.

Question 2

If you learn something while under the influence of caffeine, you recall it better when you are using caffeine again; this is known as ________ memory.
A)state-dependent
B)trait-dependent
C)context-dependent
D)mood-congruent

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where people are better able to recall information or skills if they are in the same state during both the encoding (learning) phase and the retrieval phase. In this case, being under the influence of caffeine during both learning and recalling enhances memory recall, fitting the definition of state-dependent memory.

Question 3

Prior exposure to a stimulus that facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information even when there is no conscious memory of the exposure is called ________.
A)priming
B)unconscious coding
C)primary processing
D)declarative memory

Accepted Answer

Priming is the psychological phenomenon where exposure to a stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention. This can facilitate or inhibit the processing of new information.

Question 4

To remember the pathway for vision you imagine yourself walking into your house, noting the cornea peephole in the front door, the entryway fishbowl full of aqueous humor, and a pupil seated in your living room handing you a lens as you enter the dining room where glasses filled with vitreous humor rest on a retinal tablecloth with pictures of rods and cones.This is an example of ________.
A)a psychotic breakdown
B)using acronyms
C)using peg words
D)the method of loci

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the method of loci, a mnemonic device that involves visualizing a familiar place and associating it with the information you want to remember. In this case, the pathway for vision is remembered by imagining a walk through a house with objects representing different parts of the visual pathway.

Question 5

The tendency to remember previous sad events when feeling sad in the present is an example of ________.
A)state dependence
B)mood congruence
C)context dependence
D)emotion focus

Accepted Answer

Mood congruence refers to the phenomenon where an individual's current mood influences the recall of memories that are congruent with that mood. In this case, feeling sad leads to the recollection of other sad events.

Question 6

Which of the following supports the principle of encoding specificity?
A)People who study in a depressed mood do better when tested in a good mood.
B)People who study in a manic state do better when tested in a manic state.
C)People who study under the effects of anti-anxiety medication do better when tested under the effects of anti-depressant medicine.
D)People who study when they first wake up in the morning do better when tested in the afternoon.

Accepted Answer

The principle of encoding specificity suggests that memory is most effective when information available at the time of encoding (learning) is also present at the time of retrieval (testing). Choice B supports this principle by indicating that people who study in a specific mood (manic state) perform better when tested in the same mood, implying that the conditions of learning and testing match.

Question 7

The method of loci and acronyms are examples of ________.
A)ways students try to cheat on exams
B)mnemonic devices
C)eidetic imagery
D)a photographic memory

Accepted Answer

The method of loci and acronyms are both mnemonic devices, which are memory strategies used to aid in recalling information.

Question 8

The method of loci and acronyms are examples of ________.
A)ways students try to cheat on exams
B)mnemonic devices
C)eidetic imagery
D)a photographic memory

Accepted Answer

Mnemonic devices are techniques a person can use to help them improve their ability to remember something. The method of loci involves visualizing items to be remembered in different physical locations, and acronyms are formed from the initial letters of words in a phrase or series of words, both serving as mnemonic aids.

Question 9

Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, ________ is (are)a form of LTM organization.
A)parallel processing
B)rehearsal
C)hierarchies
D)massed practice

Accepted Answer

Hierarchies are a form of Long-Term Memory (LTM) organization, where information is structured in a way that items are related to each other through a hierarchical schema, making it easier to retrieve information.

Question 10

James uses the ________ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great Lakes start with the letters in HOMES.
A)peg word
B)word association
C)acronym
D)method of loci

Accepted Answer

The correct mnemonic device is an acronym, where the first letters of the words you need to remember are used to form a new word or phrase, in this case, "HOMES" for the Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior).

Question 11

________ devices improve memory by encoding items in a special way.
A)Eidetic imagery
B)Mnemonic
C)Reverberating circuit
D)ECS

Accepted Answer

Mnemonic devices are techniques a person can use to help them improve their ability to remember something. They do this by enhancing the memory through the use of vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Question 12

Recognition is the process of ________.
A)recognizing that a present stimulus is familiar or has been encoded earlier
B)matching the way information is encoded and later retrieved in LTM
C)using a general cue to search the contents of STM
D)stimulating the recall and retrieval of information in STM

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying whether a stimulus has been encountered before or is familiar, based on previous encoding.

Question 13

Using analogies or metaphors to better understand and retain new information are all methods of ________ rehearsal.
A)maintenance
B)encoding
C)chunking
D)elaborative

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves relating new information to what one already knows, often using analogies or metaphors, to enhance memory retention.

Question 14

James uses the ________ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great Lakes start with the letters in HOMES.
A)peg word
B)word association
C)acronym
D)method of loci

Accepted Answer

The mnemonic device James used, HOMES, is an acronym because it is a word formed from the initial letters of other words (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). The other answer options do not fit the description of this specific mnemonic device.

Question 15

An essay test requires the use of ________ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.
A)the encoding specificity principle
B)recall
C)recognition
D)mood congruent memory

Accepted Answer

An essay test requires the use of recall because you must retrieve information from your long-term memory (LTM) without the presence of specific cues that are typically provided in recognition tasks. Recall involves generating answers on your own, which is essential for essay tests.

Question 16

Someone asks you to name the twenty-second president of the United States, but you can't remember.To aid your memory, the person then tells you that the president's name is the same as that of a large city on Lake Erie.Upon hearing the hint, you instantly realize that Grover Cleveland is the answer.In this situation, the hint acted as a(n)________.
A)elaborative rehearsal cue
B)cross code
C)structural cue
D)retrieval cue

Accepted Answer

The hint about the large city on Lake Erie helped you recall the name Grover Cleveland, making it a retrieval cue, which is a stimulus that aids the recall or recognition of information stored in memory.

Question 17

Research shows that when people see the NURSE, they respond to a related word such as DOCTOR faster compared to seeing an unrelated word such as READY prior to DOCTOR.This phenomenon is known as ________.
A)selective attention
B)mnemonic strategies
C)priming
D)long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as priming. Priming occurs when exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus, making it faster or more likely to recognize the second stimulus if it's related to the first.

Question 18

When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy's assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices.This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ________.
A)state-dependent memory
B)retrieval cues
C)cross links in deep structure
D)mnemonic devices

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cues are stimuli that help you recall information from your memory. In this case, providing specific dates as options helped Peter recall the correct date of John Kennedy's assassination, demonstrating the value of retrieval cues in aiding memory recall.

Question 19

The encoding specificity principle says that information retrieval is improved when ________.
A)both maintenance and elaborative rehearsal are used
B)reverberating circuits consolidate information
C)conditions of retrieval are similar to encoding conditions
D)long-term potentiation is accessed

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle posits that memory retrieval is more effective when the conditions at the time of retrieval are similar to the conditions at the time of encoding. This means that the context or state in which information is learned should match the context or state in which it is recalled for optimal retrieval.

Question 20

In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a ________ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.
A)specificity code
B)priming pump
C)retrieval cue
D)flashbulb stimulus

Accepted Answer

Retrieval cues are stimuli that help you recall or access memories. In the context of a multiple-choice question, the correct option can act as a retrieval cue, aiding in the recall of information stored in long-term memory.

Quiz 7: Memory

A clue or prompt that helps stimulate recall of a stored piece of information from long-term memory is called a ________.

If you learn something while under the influence of caffeine, you recall it better when you are using caffeine again; this is known as ________ memory.

Prior exposure to a stimulus that facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information even when there is no conscious memory of the exposure is called ________.

The tendency to remember previous sad events when feeling sad in the present is an example of ________.

Which of the following supports the principle of encoding specificity?

The method of loci and acronyms are examples of ________.

The method of loci and acronyms are examples of ________.

Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, ________ is (are) a form of LTM organization.

James uses the ________ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great Lakes start with the letters in HOMES.

________ devices improve memory by encoding items in a special way.

Recognition is the process of ________.

Using analogies or metaphors to better understand and retain new information are all methods of ________ rehearsal.

James uses the ________ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great Lakes start with the letters in HOMES.

An essay test requires the use of ________ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.

Research shows that when people see the NURSE, they respond to a related word such as DOCTOR faster compared to seeing an unrelated word such as READY prior to DOCTOR.This phenomenon is known as ________.

When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy's assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices.This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ________.

The encoding specificity principle says that information retrieval is improved when ________.

In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a ________ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.