Question 1

If you were assigned a term paper examining the life of the "father of psychology," which name should you begin researching?
A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)Charles Darwin
C)Edward Titchener
D)Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is often referred to as the "father of psychology" because he established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, marking the moment psychology became its own field of study.

Question 2

A "Freudian slip" is said to reveal:
A)a person's true, unconscious desires and conflicts
B)too much of a woman's leg under her dress
C)a person who isn't very aware of his or her physical presence in the world
D)a person who needs to change his or her personality

Accepted Answer

A Freudian slip, named after psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that is believed to be caused by the unconscious mind, revealing a person's true, unconscious desires and conflicts.

Question 3

Modern-day psychology emphasizes ________, which involves objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information.
A)common sense
B)pseudoscience
C)controlling behavior
D)critical thinking

Accepted Answer

Modern-day psychology emphasizes critical thinking, which involves the objective evaluation, comparison, analysis, and synthesis of information. This approach is fundamental in scientific inquiry and evidence-based practice.

Question 4

In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.
A)science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior
B)scientific study of behavior
C)scientific study of the mind
D)scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Accepted Answer

Psychology is broadly defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, encompassing both observable actions and internal experiences.

Question 5

Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness, including the basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing.Diane is practicing what Wundt would call _________.
A)psychoanalysis
B)empiricism
C)functionalism
D)introspection

Accepted Answer

Diane is practicing introspection, which is a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. Wilhelm Wundt, often considered the father of psychology, used introspection as a key research tool in his laboratory to study the structures of the mind.

Question 6

The science of psychology began in 1879 in Germany with ___________.
A)B)F.Skinner
B)Wilhelm Wundt
C)William James
D)Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of modern psychology. He established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a separate and distinct scientific discipline.

Question 7

John B.Watson, a leading figure in the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious.
A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)developmental
D)conditional

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson is known as a pioneer in the behavioral school of psychology, which emphasizes the study of observable behavior rather than the unconscious mind.

Question 8

Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it:
A)explained why different individuals experience stimuli differently.
B)drew the line between branches of psychology so each had its own function.
C)expanded the scope of psychology to consider such topics as emotion and observable behavior.
D)specified precisely the scope of psychology as dealing with mental processes.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism expanded the scope of psychology to include a broader range of topics, such as emotion and observable behavior, moving beyond the focus on the structure of the mind that characterized structuralism. This approach emphasized the purpose of consciousness and behavior in adapting to the environment.

Question 9

Structuralism, although short-lived, made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________.
A)established a model for the scientific study of mental processes
B)showed how separate thoughts combined to form an idea
C)explained why individuals experience stimuli differently
D)highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children and animals versus studying adult humans

Accepted Answer

Structuralism, pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener, is significant in psychology for establishing a model for the scientific study of mental processes, emphasizing introspection and the analysis of basic components of the mind.

Question 10

The psychological school of thought called _____ emphasized how mental processes help people adapt to their environment.
A)structuralism
B)gestalt psychology
C)cognitivism
D)functionalism

Accepted Answer

Functionalism emphasized how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. This school of thought was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Question 11

A system of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis was developed as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts by ________.
A)B)F.Skinner
B)Carl Rogers
C)William James
D)Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis as a method to explore and address unconscious conflicts and psychological issues.

Question 12

The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _____ and engages in the method of studying experience called _____.
A)Wundt and James; introspection
B)Titchener and James; Gestalting
C)Freud and Jung; introspection
D)Wundt and Titchener; Gestalting

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener are associated with structuralism, which engages in the method of studying experience called introspection.

Question 13

In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____.
A)empiricism
B)science
C)critical thinking
D)mental processing

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking is the process described, as it involves evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information in an objective manner.

Question 14

Dr.Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own 'common sense', personal beliefs, and values instead of information based on scientific research.This practice is more like _____ than _____.
A)psychology; pseudopsychology
B)pseudopsychology; psychology
C)philosophy, parapsychology
D)parapsychology; psychology

Accepted Answer

Pseudopsychology refers to concepts or practices that claim to be psychological but lack the scientific support that true psychology is based on. Dr. Kaplan's reliance on personal beliefs and common sense rather than scientific research aligns more with pseudopsychology than with legitimate psychology.

Question 15

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what theory of personality?
A)Psychobiological
B)Psychosocial
C)Psychoanalytic
D)Psychobehavioral

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic theory of personality, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in influencing behavior. This theory suggests that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are driven by unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 16

The clinician believed that many of our unconscious motives are driven by aggressive or sexual impulses was ________________.
A)Edward Titchener
B)Sigmund Freud
C)William James
D)B)F.Skinner

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is known for his theory that unconscious motives, often driven by aggressive or sexual impulses, play a significant role in human behavior.

Question 17

The psychoanalytic perspective was originally developed by _____.
A)Freud
B)Skinner
C)Watson
D)Williams

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic perspective, which focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts, was originally developed by Sigmund Freud.

Question 18

The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt actions is called the ________ perspective.
A)psychodynamic
B)functionalist
C)overt
D)behavioral

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective in psychology focuses on how external factors or the environment influence behavior, emphasizing observable and measurable behaviors over internal processes like thoughts and feelings. This perspective is associated with figures like B.F. Skinner and John B. Watson, who argued that psychology should be a science of behavior that can be seen and measured.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a mental process?
A)Remembering
B)Speaking
C)Reading
D)Crying

Accepted Answer

Remembering is a mental process involving the mind's ability to store and recall information.

Question 20

A newspaper website recently posted an article analyzing the handwriting of the President of the United States."Experts" were cited who discussed conclusions about the President's personality based on the way he signs his name.This area of study, called graphology, is an example of ________, because it is based more on unfounded beliefs than genuine, research-supported data.
A)parapsychology
B)psychology
C)philosophy
D)pseudopsychology

Accepted Answer

Graphology is considered pseudopsychology because it claims to interpret personality from handwriting without the empirical evidence or scientific methodology that characterizes genuine psychology.

Quiz 1: Introduction and Research Methods

If you were assigned a term paper examining the life of the "father of psychology," which name should you begin researching?

A "Freudian slip" is said to reveal:

Modern-day psychology emphasizes ________, which involves objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information.

In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.

Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness, including the basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing.Diane is practicing what Wundt would call _________.

The science of psychology began in 1879 in Germany with ___________.

John B.Watson, a leading figure in the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious.

Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it:

Structuralism, although short-lived, made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________.

The psychological school of thought called _____ emphasized how mental processes help people adapt to their environment.

A system of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis was developed as a way to deal with unconscious conflicts by ________.

The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with _ and engages in the method of studying experience called _.

In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____.

Dr.Kaplan makes up her responses to radio listeners, using mostly her own 'common sense', personal beliefs, and values instead of information based on scientific research.This practice is more like _ than _.

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what theory of personality?

The clinician believed that many of our unconscious motives are driven by aggressive or sexual impulses was ________________.

The psychoanalytic perspective was originally developed by _____.

The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt actions is called the ________ perspective.

Which of the following is an example of a mental process?