Quiz 4: Theoretical Perspectives

Theories help us to: A)organize and classify incoming stimuli. B)predict some future events. C)control certain aspects of the environment. D)all of the above

A theory might be defined as a concept which helps explain the relationships between events.

If a theory is generally accepted by authorities, we can be pretty sure that it is true.

Traditionally, human disorders have been divided into two main types: A)mental and psychological. B)natural and environmental. C)spiritual and physical. D)physical and mental.

There are biological, psychological, and social theories about alcoholism but only one kind of theory could be correct.

Which of the following would not be an organic cause of a disorder? A)inherited or genetic defect B)a viral infection C)a drug overdose D)faulty parental upbringing

Disorders caused by physical abnormalities of the brain, nervous system, and other internal systems are called: A)functional disorders. B)spiritual disorders. C)organic disorders. D)neurotic disorders.

The prognosis is the identification of the disorder according to the symptoms.

Tardive dyskinesia may result from prolonged use of: A)major tranquilizers. B)minor tranquilizers. C)sedatives. D)Antabuse.

A type of medication sometimes used for its calming or "paradoxical" effect on hyperactive children is: A)Valium. B)barbiturates. C)Antabuse. D)amphetamines.

Which of the following medications is used in the aversive treatment of alcoholism? A)Seconal B)Tofranil C)Antabuse D)Haldol

Politically, the human services model was most closely associated with: A)right wing, conservative policy makers. B)the Born-Again Christian movement. C)social activists helping oppressed minority groups. D)the trade union movement.

The human services model tends to place more emphasis on practical problem solving than on complex theories.

A number of authors have criticized the injustices that arise from the medical/psychiatric approach to mental illness.

According to Hansell, persons go into a state of stress or crisis if they fail to meet basic needs.

According to Hansell, feelings of detachment and alienation may be traced to a failure to: A)meet needs for information. B)form a definite self-identity. C)be linked to a cash economy. D)develop a comprehensive system of meaning in life.

A major goal of human services intervention is to: A)validate intricate theories. B)resolve deep emotional conflicts. C)help provide resources to meet the clients' needs. D)help the client achieve self-actualization.

The primary aim of human services counseling is to expose the bad experiences which the client suffered in the past.

Practitioners of this model attempt to find a balance between a person's mind, body, and spirit. A)medical model B)the behavioristic model C)the indigenous model D)the holistic model

Research has shown that the immune system is strengthened under conditions of acute stress.

Which is not considered a form of alternative therapy? A)radiation B)acupuncture C)visualization or imagery therapy D)meditation

Freud believed that neurotic symptoms were due to: A)abnormal brain chemistry. B)sexual drives. C)society's moral values. D)the conflict between (b) and (c)

According to Freud's theory, the id is: A)an outgrowth of society's moral values. B)the seat of instinctual drives. C)the "executive" of the personality. D)the conscious mind.

In Freudian terms, the first system to appear in the development of the child is the: A)id. B)ego. C)superego. D)alter-ego.

In Freudian terms, which system employs reason and logic and is concerned with helping the person survive in the world? A)id. B)ego. C)superego D)alter-ego

The aim of free association is to bring repressed material into conscious awareness.

The transference reaction in analytic therapy implies that the client is generalizing from past experience.

Which theorist emphasized the person's basic task at each phase of development? A)Sullivan B)Homey C)Fromm D)Erikson

Humanists deny the psychoanalytic belief that human behavior is dominated by animalistic drives.

Which school of therapy tends to stress the client's capacity for choice? A)humanistic B)psychoanalytic C)behavioristic D)none of the above

The humanistic counselor does not: A)direct the client. B)analyze the client. C)play the role of expert. D)all of the above

The client is "congruent" when current life experiences agree with the self-concept.

One criticism of the humanistic approach is that it does not apply to clients who are not fully capable of making rational choices.

Which model places most emphasis on scientific verification of observations? A)behavioristic B)humanistic C)psychoanalytic D)existential

Using classical conditioning terms, the sound of a bell before training is called: A)unconditioned reinforcer. B)unconditioned stimulus. C)neutral stimulus. D)conditioned response.

Behavior therapy is essentially an exploration of the client's personal experiences in life.

B.F.Skinner is probably the best known investigator of operant behavior.

Systematic desensitization is primarily used to treat: A)obesity. B)sexual dysfunctions. C)fears and phobias. D)substance abuse.

Positive reinforcement is the main technique employed in: A)the token economy. B)aversive therapy. C)cognitive behavior therapy. D)modeling.

An eclectic therapist is one firmly committed to one particular model of therapy.

A systems therapist would probably agree that the "sick" or symptomatic member of a family should probably be the main focus of treatment.

In the systems model, the identified patient reflects disturbances: A)within her/himself. B)between the id and superego. C)of an earlier developmental phase. D)in the entire family.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the most successful mind-body therapies.

Which alternative therapy was originally developed by observing how animals in the wild discharge energy after encountering life-threatening situations. A)Gestalt Therapy B)Somatic Experiencing C)Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing D)Client-Centered Therapy E)None of the above

The "token economy" has been widely used in residential settings, prisons, classrooms, and even in homes.

Organic disorders are caused by physical abnormalities of the brain, nervous system and other internal systems.

According to Freud, the superego contains the savage, lustful and sexual drives of the individual.

The concept of defense mechanisms is probably the most widely used concept in psychotherapy.(pg.172

Humanists deny the psychoanalytic belief that human behavior is dominated by animalistic drives.

Classical conditioning involves the study of reflexes or responses elicited by certain stimuli.