Question 1

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most masculine culture is that of
A)Norway.
B)the United States.
C)Japan.
D)Sweden.
E)Canada.

Accepted Answer

Japan is considered the most masculine culture according to Geert Hofstede's research, which measures cultures on several dimensions, including masculinity vs. femininity. Masculine cultures value competitiveness, achievement, and material success, traits that are strongly associated with Japanese society.

Question 2

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more
A)collective cultures.
B)masculine cultures.
C)power distance cultures.
D)distant countries.
E)distant cultures.

Accepted Answer

Expatriates may find it more challenging to adjust to cultures that are significantly different from their own, as these "distant cultures" may have unfamiliar social norms, values, and practices.

Question 3

Cultural intelligence encompasses
A)knowledge, skills, and abilities.
B)knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
C)knowledge, motivation, and attitudes.
D)knowledge, motivation, and behaviour.
E)knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Cultural intelligence is understood as comprising three components: knowledge (cognitive), motivation (motivational), and behavior (behavioral). These elements work together to enable an individual to function effectively in culturally diverse settings. Knowledge refers to the understanding of cultural norms and practices, motivation involves the interest and drive to adapt in cross-cultural situations, and behavior encompasses the ability to adjust actions and reactions in diverse environments.

Question 4

In which of the following is work viewed as most important and central in life?
A)Germany
B)The United States
C)Britain
D)Japan
E)The Netherlands

Accepted Answer

In Japan, work is often viewed as a central and important aspect of life, with a strong cultural emphasis on dedication and commitment to one's job.

Question 5

Cultures that are flexible in terms of how people are expected to behave and forgiving of violations of expected behaviours are known as
A)feminine cultures.
B)loose cultures.
C)collective cultures.
D)weak cultures.
E)flexible cultures.

Accepted Answer

Loose cultures are characterized by their flexibility regarding social norms and behaviors, and they tend to be more forgiving when individuals deviate from expected behaviors.

Question 6

What does cultural distance refer to?
A)The extent to which cultures differ in beliefs
B)The extent to which cultures differ in attitudes
C)The extent to which cultures differ in work centrality
D)The extent to which cultures differ in values
E)The extent to which cultures differ in geography

Accepted Answer

Cultural distance refers to the extent to which cultures differ in values.

Question 7

Which of the following is an accurate description of how Gen Ys and Xers differ from Boomers?
A)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
B)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
C)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure more, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.
D)Gen Ys and Xers see work as more central, value leisure less, and are more inclined towards work-life balance.
E)Gen Ys and Xers see work as less central, value leisure less, and are less inclined towards work-life balance.

Accepted Answer

Gen Ys (Millennials) and Gen Xers tend to prioritize work-life balance more than Boomers, seeing work as a part of life but not the central focus. They value leisure and personal time, indicating a shift in work culture and values across generations.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of power distance is FALSE?
A)High power distance cultures tend to also be individualistic, rather than collective, cultures.
B)Superiors tend to be accessible in low power distance cultures.
C)In high power distance cultures, the unequal distribution of power is acceptable to members of the culture.
D)Denmark has lower power distance than Mexico.
E)Japan has higher power distance than Canada.

Accepted Answer

High power distance cultures are often more collectivistic rather than individualistic, which contrasts with the statement in option A. Collectivistic cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual.

Question 9

The extent to which cultures have more or less strong standards for behaviour and sanctions for deviation from these standards is known as
A)cultural strength versus weakness.
B)cultural rigidity versus flexibility.
C)cultural tightness versus looseness.
D)cultural femininity versus masculinity.
E)cultural narrowness versus openness.

Accepted Answer

Cultural tightness versus looseness refers to the degree to which cultures enforce norms and punish deviations from those norms. Tight cultures have strict norms and little tolerance for deviant behavior, while loose cultures have more relaxed norms and a higher tolerance for deviation.

Question 10

In Geert Hofstede's survey of values across cultures, individualistic societies can be contrasted most readily with ________ societies.
A)low power distance
B)collective
C)masculine
D)weak uncertainty avoidance
E)feminine

Accepted Answer

Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory contrasts individualistic societies with collectivist societies. In individualistic societies, the ties between individuals are loose and everyone is expected to look after themselves and their immediate family. In contrast, in collectivist societies, people are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families, which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes tight cultures?
A)Strong high standards for conformity and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
B)Strong high standards for work centrality and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
C)Strong clear standards for values and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards
D)Strong, clear standards for behaviour and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards.
E)Strong, clear standards for attitudes and strong sanctions for deviation from those standards.

Accepted Answer

Tight cultures are characterized by strong, clear standards for behavior and significant sanctions for deviating from those standards. This helps ensure a high level of conformity within the society or group.

Question 12

Mika has just interviewed a job applicant for a position in her organization.She asked the applicant what the most important thing to him/her was.The answer was status.What can we conclude about the job applicant?
A)The applicant is a baby boomer.
B)The applicant is a traditionalist.
C)The applicant is a boomer or Gen X.
D)The applicant is a Gen X or Gen Y.
E)The applicant is a boomer or Gen Y.

Accepted Answer

Generational attitudes towards work can vary, with Gen X (born roughly between 1965 and 1980) and Gen Y, also known as Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 1996), sometimes valuing status within their careers, although this is a generalization and can vary widely among individuals. Baby Boomers (born roughly between 1946 and 1964) and Traditionalists (born before 1946) may have different values, such as job security or a sense of duty, respectively.

Question 13

Cultural intelligence refers to
A)the capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments.
B)the capability to understand differences between cultures.
C)the capability to understand the difference between one's own culture and other cultures.
D)the capability for organizations to work in different cultures.
E)the capability to understand how organizations function in different cultures.

Accepted Answer

Cultural intelligence is the capability to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse settings, which involves understanding, adapting to, and leveraging differences in cultural norms, practices, and expectations.

Question 14

The capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments is known as
A)cultural astuteness.
B)cultural intelligence.
C)cultural ability.
D)cultural capacity.
E)cultural mobility.

Accepted Answer

Cultural intelligence refers to the capability to relate and work effectively across cultures.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning values is FALSE?
A)Values are randomly distributed across the population.
B)Members of different occupational groups tend to hold different values.
C)Value differences may be responsible for conflict between people from different occupational groups.
D)Values are relatively stable.
E)Values are learned through reinforcement processes.

Accepted Answer

Values are not randomly distributed across the population; they are influenced by a variety of factors including culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, making them more patterned and influenced by societal norms rather than being random.

Question 16

Which of the following makes negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more difficult?
A)Power distance
B)Uncertainty avoidance
C)Cultural deviance
D)Cultural distance
E)Generational distance

Accepted Answer

Cultural distance makes negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more difficult because it refers to the differences in cultural values and practices between two parties, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.

Question 17

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most individualistic culture is that of
A)Venezuela.
B)Japan.
C)the United States.
D)Colombia.
E)Pakistan.

Accepted Answer

Geert Hofstede's research on cultural dimensions ranks the United States as the most individualistic culture, emphasizing the importance of individual achievement and freedom.

Question 18

In a collective culture
A)it may be a good idea to reward groups rather than individuals.
B)power distance tends to be low.
C)privacy and personal initiatives are stressed.
D)loyalty to one's family or clan are downplayed.
E)interdependence is minimized.

Accepted Answer

In a collective culture, the focus is on the group rather than the individual, making group rewards more effective and appreciated. This approach aligns with the collective culture's emphasis on group success and cohesion.

Question 19

What are Gen X and Y more inclined to value than boomers?
A)Challenge and rapid career growth
B)Flexibility and status
C)Flexibility and rapid career growth
D)Status and challenge
E)Status and rapid career growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are Gen X and Y more...

Question 20

In general, greater cultural distance
A)impedes communication.
B)impedes decision making.
C)impedes employee performance.
D)impedes problem solving.
E)impedes employee development.

Accepted Answer

Greater cultural distance can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, making effective communication more challenging.

Quiz 4: Values, Attitudes, and Work Behaviour

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most masculine culture is that of

Expatriates working abroad will find it more difficult to adjust to more

Cultural intelligence encompasses

In which of the following is work viewed as most important and central in life?

Cultures that are flexible in terms of how people are expected to behave and forgiving of violations of expected behaviours are known as

What does cultural distance refer to?

Which of the following is an accurate description of how Gen Ys and Xers differ from Boomers?

Which of the following statements about the cultural value of power distance is FALSE?

The extent to which cultures have more or less strong standards for behaviour and sanctions for deviation from these standards is known as

In Geert Hofstede's survey of values across cultures, individualistic societies can be contrasted most readily with ________ societies.

Which of the following best describes tight cultures?

Mika has just interviewed a job applicant for a position in her organization.She asked the applicant what the most important thing to him/her was.The answer was status.What can we conclude about the job applicant?

Cultural intelligence refers to

The capability to function and manage well in culturally diverse environments is known as

Which of the following statements concerning values is FALSE?

Which of the following makes negotiations, mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures more difficult?

According to Geert Hofstede's research, the most individualistic culture is that of

In a collective culture

What are Gen X and Y more inclined to value than boomers?

In general, greater cultural distance