Question 1

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by offering dessert as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that
Dessert is a ________ reinforcer that will likely ________ the probability that his boyfriend
Will clean the apartment in the future.
A) primary;increase
B) primary;decrease
C) secondary;decrease
D) secondary;increase

Accepted Answer

The answer of Channing believes that the best way to...

Question 2

Dr.Brimfield believes that humans learn best when they are given the opportunity to act on their environments and make associations between their behavior and the resulting
Consequences.Dr.Brimfield believes in
A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) observational learning.
D) modeling.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Brimfield's belief aligns with operant conditioning, a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. This theory emphasizes the role of consequences in learning, which is exactly what Dr. Brimfield is described as focusing on.

Question 3

When wild Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an
Example of ________ reinforcement.
A) partial
B) continuous
C) ratio
D) fixed

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement occurs when a response is only sometimes rewarded, which is the case with Arctic wolves hunting. Continuous reinforcement would mean a reward is given every time the action is performed, which does not apply here. Ratio and fixed refer to specific schedules of reinforcement, which are not described in the scenario.

Question 4

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet.Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring
Than does continuous reinforcement,which is a result of
A) the partial-reinforcement extinction effect.
B) the law of effect.
C) primary reinforcement.
D) the Premack principle.

Accepted Answer

The partial-reinforcement extinction effect explains why behaviors learned under partial (or intermittent) reinforcement schedules are more resistant to extinction than behaviors learned under continuous reinforcement. This means that when rewards are given only some of the time (as in Sandra's case), the behavior becomes more enduring and harder to extinguish than if rewards were given every time the behavior was performed.

Question 5

Taylor's parents are inconsistent with their child-rearing practices.Some days,Taylor can get away with climbing onto the back of the couch and jumping off,but other days she is
Punished.Taylor's parents are reinforcing her behavior on a ________ schedule.
A) fixed ratio
B) variable ratio
C) variable interval
D) fixed interval

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taylor's parents are inconsistent with their child-rearing...

Question 6

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.
A) partial
B) interval
C) continuous
D) fixed

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement is the most effective method for teaching a new behavior quickly. It involves providing a reward after every correct response, which helps the learner make a strong association between the behavior and the reward.

Question 7

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a
A) variable ratio.
B) fixed ratio.
C) fixed interval.
D) variable interval.

Accepted Answer

Fixed interval schedules deliver reinforcement after a specific amount of time has passed, which is the definition provided in the question.

Question 8

Percy wants to teach his daughter good manners.To increase the likelihood of her saying "Excuse me" when bumping into someone in a store,he should use a stimulus called a(n)
A) punishment.
B) reinforcer.
C) operant.
D) token economy.

Accepted Answer

A reinforcer is a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior by either presenting a positive stimulus or removing a negative one after the behavior occurs. In this case, using a reinforcer after his daughter says "Excuse me" would increase the likelihood of her repeating the behavior in the future.

Question 9

You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he wants to go out.You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratches the door.By creating
Consequences for your dog's behavior,you have used ________ to train him.
A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) modeling
D) the Premack principle

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavioral responses. In this scenario, swatting the dog's nose with a newspaper when he scratches the door is a form of punishment intended to decrease the behavior, which aligns with the principles of operant conditioning.

Question 10

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations
Are most consistent with
A) the cognitive model of learning.
B) the law of effect.
C) counterconditioning.
D) shaping.

Accepted Answer

The law of effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, suggests that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated. Derek's observations align with this principle.

Question 11

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite
Things to do.In this situation,Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of
Vegetables.
A) negative reinforcement
B) positive punishment
C) the Premack principle
D) primary reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Jean is using the Premack principle, which involves using a more preferred activity (playing outside) as a reward to increase the likelihood of a less preferred activity (eating vegetables). This principle is based on the idea that high-probability behaviors (those the individual likes to do) can be used as rewards for low-probability behaviors (those the individual is less inclined to do).

Question 12

Professor Jackson periodically gives his students pop quizzes on the reading assignments.To encourage students to complete the reading assignments,the schedule of reinforcement he
Should use for the pop quizzes is a ________ schedule.
A) fixed interval
B) fixed ratio
C) variable interval
D) variable ratio

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor Jackson periodically gives his students pop...

Question 13

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are
Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
A) fixed ratio
B) variable ratio
C) fixed interval
D) variable interval

Accepted Answer

The hummingbirds are being rewarded on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement because they receive the reward (nectar) at consistent, predictable time intervals (the same time each day). Fixed interval schedules reward the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed.

Question 14

Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should ________ to
Reward them for doing a less valued activity.
A) give a primary reinforcer
B) give a secondary reinforcer
C) use shaping
D) promise them a more valued activity

Accepted Answer

The Premack Principle suggests that a more valued activity can be used as a reward for completing a less valued activity. In this case, promising her teenagers a more valued activity for picking up their dirty clothes would apply this principle.

Question 15

The Acme Chemical Company has some employees who work in a production plant and some who work in a sales office.The plant workers get paid every Friday;however,the office
Workers get paid for every fifth sale they make.The plant workers are paid on a ________
Schedule,whereas the office workers are paid on a ________ schedule.
A) fixed ratio;variable interval
B) fixed interval;fixed ratio
C) variable ratio;fixed interval
D) variable interval;variable ratio

Accepted Answer

Fixed interval schedules involve receiving a reward after a specific amount of time has passed, which applies to the plant workers getting paid every Friday. Fixed ratio schedules involve receiving a reward after a specific number of responses, which applies to the office workers getting paid after every fifth sale.

Question 16

In Thorndike's puzzle box,a trapped cat had to perform a specific action in order to escape.Thorndike ________ the box in order to encourage the cat to try to escape.
A) played loud music in
B) administered mild shocks in
C) placed food outside
D) placed a snake outside

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Thorndike's puzzle box,a trapped cat had...

Question 17

Marcy decides that yelling at her teenage son to clean is room is not effective.Instead, whenever he cleans his room without being asked,Marcy takes him to his favorite ice cream
Shop.In this example,cleaning the room is the ________ and the ice cream is the ________.
A) operant;reinforcer
B) operant;punishment
C) unconditioned stimulus;reinforcer
D) unconditioned stimulus;punishment

Accepted Answer

Cleaning the room is the operant behavior because it is an action that is influenced by its consequences. The ice cream is the reinforcer because it is a positive consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior (cleaning the room) being repeated.

Question 18

Raul has no motivation to read the chapters from his biology textbook that were assigned for homework.According to the Premack principle,Raul could reinforce his textbook reading by doing which of the following?
A) doing something enjoyable after he reads
B) doing something enjoyable before he reads
C) spending more time reading the textbook
D) spending less time reading the textbook

Accepted Answer

The Premack Principle suggests that a more probable behavior (doing something enjoyable) can be used as a reinforcement for a less probable behavior (reading the textbook). Therefore, if Raul does something enjoyable after he reads, it can serve as a reinforcement for reading.

Question 19

Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle immediately after the dolphins do the task.The dolphins enjoy the sound
Of the whistle because it previously was paired with the fish they were given to eat.Based on
This,you know that Sampson is using the whistle as a ________ reinforcer to train the
Dolphins.
A) primary
B) negative
C) secondary
D) variable

Accepted Answer

The whistle is a secondary reinforcer because it has become associated with a primary reinforcer (fish) and is used to reinforce the dolphins' behavior.

Question 20

Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food.Professor McCready is using
________ to modify animal behavior.
A) punishment
B) shaping
C) a Skinner box
D) the Premack principle

Accepted Answer

A Skinner box is a device used to study and modify animal behavior through operant conditioning, where animals learn to perform certain actions in response to specific stimuli to receive rewards or avoid punishments. In this scenario, the birds learn to peck a button to receive food, which aligns with the use of a Skinner box.

Quiz 6: Learning

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by offering dessert as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that Dessert is a reinforcer that will likely the probability that his boyfriend Will clean the apartment in the future.

Dr.Brimfield believes that humans learn best when they are given the opportunity to act on their environments and make associations between their behavior and the resulting Consequences.Dr.Brimfield believes in

When wild Arctic wolves hunt,their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult.The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an Example of ________ reinforcement.

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet.Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring Than does continuous reinforcement,which is a result of

Taylor's parents are inconsistent with their child-rearing practices.Some days,Taylor can get away with climbing onto the back of the couch and jumping off,but other days she is Punished.Taylor's parents are reinforcing her behavior on a ________ schedule.

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a

Percy wants to teach his daughter good manners.To increase the likelihood of her saying "Excuse me" when bumping into someone in a store,he should use a stimulus called a(n)

You want to teach your dog to stop scratching at the door when he wants to go out.You do so by swatting his nose with a newspaper each time he scratches the door.By creating Consequences for your dog's behavior,you have used ________ to train him.

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations Are most consistent with

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite Things to do.In this situation,Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of Vegetables.

Professor Jackson periodically gives his students pop quizzes on the reading assignments.To encourage students to complete the reading assignments,the schedule of reinforcement he Should use for the pop quizzes is a ________ schedule.

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar.The hummingbirds are Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should ________ to Reward them for doing a less valued activity.

In Thorndike's puzzle box,a trapped cat had to perform a specific action in order to escape.Thorndike ________ the box in order to encourage the cat to try to escape.

Marcy decides that yelling at her teenage son to clean is room is not effective.Instead, whenever he cleans his room without being asked,Marcy takes him to his favorite ice cream Shop.In this example,cleaning the room is the and the ice cream is the .

Raul has no motivation to read the chapters from his biology textbook that were assigned for homework.According to the Premack principle,Raul could reinforce his textbook reading by doing which of the following?

Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food.Professor McCready is using ________ to modify animal behavior.