Question 1

When inactive,the electrical charge inside a neuron is slightly more negative than the electrical charge outside the neuron.This difference in the electrical charge inside and outside the neuron is the

Accepted Answer

The difference in electrical charge inside and outside a neuron when it is inactive is referred to as the resting state. This state is characterized by a negative internal charge relative to the outside, setting the stage for the potential action of the neuron when stimulated.

Question 2

The brain and the spinal cord make up the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating sensory input and motor output. The peripheral nervous system, on the other hand, includes all the nerves that radiate from the spinal cord and branch to various parts of the body, connecting them to the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion.

Question 3

The central nervous system is made up of the

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which serve as the primary processing centers for the entire nervous system, and control all the functions of the body.

Question 4

When a neuron is stimulated enough,it

Accepted Answer

When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it fires an action potential, which is a rapid rise and fall in voltage across the cell's membrane, allowing it to transmit a signal.

Question 5

In the nervous system,each neuron communicates with

Accepted Answer

Neurons communicate with many other neurons in an organized network, allowing for complex processing and signaling within the nervous system.

Question 6

Your nervous system allows you to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is responsible for receiving sensory input, perceiving and remembering information, and making behavioral responses. However, it does not have the capability to alter genetic codes; that function is related to cellular and molecular processes, not the nervous system's functions.

Question 7

The dendrites are the part of the ________,where signals from neighboring neurons are received.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are extensions of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and are part of the cell body, not the terminal buttons, axon, or synapse.

Question 8

Graham went out for a walk on a cool,fall evening.He forgot to bring a sweater and started feeling cold.The ________ nervous system received the sensory information that the temperature outside was too cold.

Accepted Answer

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for gathering sensory information from the body and sending it to the brain, which includes sensing temperature changes like feeling cold.

Question 9

The part of the neuron that collects information from other neurons and integrates it is the

Accepted Answer

The cell body (also known as the soma) of a neuron integrates information received from other neurons. It contains the nucleus and other organelles, playing a crucial role in processing incoming signals before they are transmitted to other parts of the neuron.

Question 10

The site where communication occurs between neurons through the release of chemicals is called the

Accepted Answer

The synapse is the site of communication between neurons, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals from one neuron to another.

Question 11

During the integration phase of neural communication,the presence of inhibitory signals will ________ firing an action potential.

Accepted Answer

Inhibitory signals decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential by making the neuron's internal environment more negative, moving it further away from the threshold needed to trigger an action potential.

Question 12

In reuptake,neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron,which

Accepted Answer

Reuptake involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic neuron, effectively removing these chemical messengers from the synaptic cleft. This process terminates the signal between neurons, stopping further stimulation of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 13

Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are the chemical substances responsible for transmitting messages between neurons across synapses.

Question 14

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord, along with the brain, constitutes the central nervous system, which is responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body.

Question 15

The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, sending motor commands to our muscles, and transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that neurons use to communicate with each other, while dendrites and axons are parts of neurons.

Question 16

Which of the following best summarizes the main function(s) of your nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system's primary function is to receive sensory information from the environment, process and interpret this information, and then coordinate a response. This includes everything from reflex actions to complex problem-solving tasks.

Question 17

During the reception phase of neural communication,the ________ will accept signals from presynaptic neurons.

Accepted Answer

During the reception phase of neural communication, the dendrites are the structures that accept signals from presynaptic neurons. They are specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons.

Question 18

The human body's nervous system is built from billions of nerve cells,which are called

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, sending motor commands to our muscles, and transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that neurons release to communicate with each other, axons are long, slender projections of neurons that conduct electrical impulses, and cell bodies (or soma) contain the nucleus and other organelles of the neuron.

Question 19

After an action potential is fired,the neuron returns to its resting state with the help of

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump helps a neuron return to its resting state after an action potential by moving sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into the neuron, restoring the original ion concentration and electrical gradients.

Question 20

In the nervous system,the cells that receive,integrate,and transmit information are the

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, sending motor commands to our muscles, and transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between. Axons and dendrites are parts of neurons, and neurotransmitters are the chemicals that neurons use to communicate with each other.

Quiz 2: The Role of Biology in Psychology