Question 1

Occasionally,Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times,for example,in the middle of talking to a customer at work.Based on this information,Jessie might be experiencing
A) narcolepsy.
B) somnambulism.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) sleep apnea.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep, which can occur at inappropriate times, such as in the middle of a conversation, fitting the description of Jessie's experiences.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?
A) When hypnotized,a person experiences consciousness that is the same as sleeping.
B) When hypnotized,a person is under the complete control of someone else.
C) Hypnosis does not result in an altered state of consciousness.
D) Hypnosis can change a person's pattern of brain activity.

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been shown to alter patterns of brain activity, indicating changes in how the brain processes information during the state of hypnosis. This can involve changes in attention, perception, and possibly pain management, reflecting an altered state of consciousness rather than simply being asleep or under someone else's control.

Question 3

After playing a difficult soccer match that wore out his body,Jon slept for four extra hours.Jon's extra sleep is best explained by ________ theory.
A) circadian rhythm
B) dissociation
C) restorative
D) consolidation

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory of sleep suggests that sleep allows the body to repair and rejuvenate itself. After a physically demanding activity like a difficult soccer match, Jon's body would need to recover, which explains why he slept for four extra hours.

Question 4

Eva is chronically sleep deprived.She will most likely experience all of the following EXCEPT
A) reduced short-term memory.
B) microsleeps during daytime.
C) loss of appetite and weight loss.
D) increased anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Chronic sleep deprivation is more likely to increase appetite and potentially lead to weight gain due to changes in hormone levels that regulate hunger and satiety, not loss of appetite and weight loss.

Question 5

Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night,gasping for air,but you are totally unaware of it.Based on this information,you may be experiencing
A) narcolepsy.
B) somnambulism.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) sleep apnea.

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to frequent awakenings often unnoticed by the individual, which matches the description given.

Question 6

Becky,a 35-year-old mother,sleeps whenever her six-month-old baby does.Even though Becky and her infant get the same amount of sleep,according to consolidation theory,Becky will spend ________ time in ________ sleep compared with her baby.
A) more;REM
B) less;REM
C) more;slow-wave
D) less;slow-wave

Accepted Answer

According to consolidation theory, infants spend more time in REM sleep than adults because REM sleep is crucial for brain development and learning. Therefore, Becky, as an adult, will spend less time in REM sleep compared to her baby.

Question 7

Esther dreams that she is swimming.Following Freud's perspective,Esther's therapist suggests that her dream represents a hidden unconscious desire for sexual intimacy.Accordingly,the therapist would most likely conclude that
A) in the dream the images of swimming were the manifest content.
B) in the dream the images of swimming were the latent content.
C) random neural activity resulted in the unconscious sexual desire.
D) random neural activity caused the images about swimming.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream is the actual literal content and storyline of the dream, while the latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning. In this case, the swimming is the manifest content, and the sexual desire is the latent content.

Question 8

Homer is suddenly awakened when his wife,Marge,starts striking him in her sleep.Homer wakes her up,and she explains that she was dreaming about defending herself from an attacker.Homer is not mad,but he is concerned that Marge may be experiencing
A) sleep apnea.
B) narcolepsy.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) somnambulism.

Accepted Answer

Marge's actions suggest REM behavior disorder, a condition where individuals physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep, due to the failure of the body to remain paralyzed in this sleep stage.

Question 9

For the past three days,Mandy has not been able to get enough hours of sleep.Today,Mandy will most likely have trouble
A) performing well in her athletic training session.
B) experiencing fewer microsleeps.
C) maintaining her physical strength throughout the day.
D) paying attention in class and remembering the information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the past three days,Mandy has not...

Question 10

Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves.The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a
A) three-year-old girl.
B) 13-year-old girl.
C) three-month-old boy.
D) 30-year-old man.

Accepted Answer

Three-month-old infants spend more time in REM sleep compared to individuals in other age groups. This is because REM sleep is crucial for brain development, which is highly active during infancy.

Question 11

According to the consolidation theory that explains the benefits of sleep,researchers have found that
A) infants tend to spend less time in REM sleep because they don't spend a lot of time awake,during which they would receive visual stimulation.
B) adolescents tend to spend more time in non-REM sleep because that is when growth hormones are released.
C) older adults tend to spend more time in non-REM sleep because they process information more slowly than young adults.
D) students tend to spend more time in REM sleep during exam periods because they are processing a lot of information.

Accepted Answer

During exam periods, students process a lot of information, and REM sleep is associated with memory consolidation, which helps in processing and retaining new information.

Question 12

Insomnia is more frequently observed among ________,whereas sleep apnea is more common among ________.
A) females with anxiety disorders;elderly males with neurological deficits
B) adolescents with anorexia nervosa;elderly males with neurological deficits
C) females with anxiety disorders;middle-aged males with obesity
D) adolescents with anorexia nervosa;females with anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is more frequently observed among females, particularly those with anxiety disorders, while sleep apnea is more common among middle-aged males, especially those with obesity. This reflects the gender and health condition predispositions for these sleep disorders.

Question 13

While dreaming that she is riding a bicycle,Millie actually moves around in bed making arm and leg motions similar to those of a cyclist.Millie is most likely experiencing
A) narcolepsy.
B) sleep apnea.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) somnambulism.

Accepted Answer

Millie is most likely experiencing REM behavior disorder, a condition where individuals act out their dreams because the paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is incomplete or absent, allowing them to physically move in response to their dreams.

Question 14

Your child wakes up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walks around his room with a glassy-eyed look.Based on this information,your child most likely has a sleep disorder called
A) sleep apnea.
B) somnambulism.
C) REM behavior disorder.
D) narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, involves getting up and walking around during deep sleep. The description of waking up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walking around with a glassy-eyed look fits the characteristics of somnambulism.

Question 15

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals need more sleep after experiencing a traumatic brain injury?
A) restorative theory
B) consolidation theory
C) dissociation theory
D) circadian rhythm theory

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory of sleep suggests that sleep allows the body and brain to repair and rejuvenate from the day's activities and stressors. After a traumatic brain injury, the need for repair and rejuvenation is significantly increased, making the restorative theory the best explanation for why individuals require more sleep following such an injury.

Question 16

Meredith has been experiencing bad moods and impaired mental abilities.Her symptoms are most likely related to
A) sleep deprivation.
B) consolidation.
C) restorative sleep.
D) circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation can lead to bad moods and impaired mental abilities by affecting cognitive functions and emotional regulation.

Question 17

You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake.Betty says it means that you have a desire to drop out of college and become a baker.Betty's statement is a reflection of the ________ theory of dreaming.
A) dissociation
B) activation-synthesis
C) unconscious wish fulfillment
D) consolidation

Accepted Answer

Betty's interpretation of the dream as a reflection of a desire to drop out of college and become a baker aligns with the unconscious wish fulfillment theory. This theory, often associated with Freud, suggests that dreams are a manifestation of our deepest desires and unconscious wishes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an adaptive and beneficial function of sleep?
A) Sleep lets the brain to restore itself.
B) Our physical activity is limited during sleep,keeping us safe from harm.
C) Sleep strengthens neural connections that increase learning.
D) Sleep allows the brain to shut off,thus preserving remaining energy.

Accepted Answer

Sleep does not involve the brain shutting off; rather, it is a period of restorative activity for the brain, including processes that consolidate memory and learning, and not a state of energy preservation by inactivity.

Question 19

This past week,Nick has had to wake up early for work and stay at work late,so he has been deprived of a good night's sleep.During the weekend,Nick can finally sleep in late.He will most likely
A) enter REM sleep quickly and have more REM dreams.
B) enter REM sleep slowly and have fewer REM dreams.
C) spend more time in slow-wave sleep and have fewer non-REM dreams.
D) spend less time in slow-wave sleep and have more non-REM dreams.

Accepted Answer

When sleep-deprived, the body tends to enter REM sleep more quickly and have more REM dreams to compensate for the lack of REM sleep during the deprivation period.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a major issue linked to insomnia?
A) having poor sleeping habits
B) experiencing a major depressive disorder
C) having narcolepsy
D) worrying about sleep

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Quiz 3: Consciousness

Occasionally,Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times,for example,in the middle of talking to a customer at work.Based on this information,Jessie might be experiencing

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

After playing a difficult soccer match that wore out his body,Jon slept for four extra hours.Jon's extra sleep is best explained by ________ theory.

Eva is chronically sleep deprived.She will most likely experience all of the following EXCEPT

Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night,gasping for air,but you are totally unaware of it.Based on this information,you may be experiencing

Becky,a 35-year-old mother,sleeps whenever her six-month-old baby does.Even though Becky and her infant get the same amount of sleep,according to consolidation theory,Becky will spend time in sleep compared with her baby.

Esther dreams that she is swimming.Following Freud's perspective,Esther's therapist suggests that her dream represents a hidden unconscious desire for sexual intimacy.Accordingly,the therapist would most likely conclude that

Homer is suddenly awakened when his wife,Marge,starts striking him in her sleep.Homer wakes her up,and she explains that she was dreaming about defending herself from an attacker.Homer is not mad,but he is concerned that Marge may be experiencing

For the past three days,Mandy has not been able to get enough hours of sleep.Today,Mandy will most likely have trouble

Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves.The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a

According to the consolidation theory that explains the benefits of sleep,researchers have found that

Insomnia is more frequently observed among ,whereas sleep apnea is more common among .

While dreaming that she is riding a bicycle,Millie actually moves around in bed making arm and leg motions similar to those of a cyclist.Millie is most likely experiencing

Your child wakes up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walks around his room with a glassy-eyed look.Based on this information,your child most likely has a sleep disorder called

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals need more sleep after experiencing a traumatic brain injury?

Meredith has been experiencing bad moods and impaired mental abilities.Her symptoms are most likely related to

You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake.Betty says it means that you have a desire to drop out of college and become a baker.Betty's statement is a reflection of the ________ theory of dreaming.

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an adaptive and beneficial function of sleep?

This past week,Nick has had to wake up early for work and stay at work late,so he has been deprived of a good night's sleep.During the weekend,Nick can finally sleep in late.He will most likely

Which of the following is NOT a major issue linked to insomnia?