Question 1

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys. So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point. You are using the problem-solving
Technique of ________ to help find your keys.
A) subgoals
B) working backward
C) analogy
D) sudden insight

Accepted Answer

Retracing your steps from the last time you saw your keys involves using the problem-solving technique of working backward. This technique involves thinking of the end goal and then working backward to determine the steps needed to reach that goal. In this case, the end goal is finding the lost keys, and the steps involve thinking about where you have been since the last time you had them.

Question 2

Cara is a mechanic. She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start, she assumes the problem is the battery.
Cara's assumption is based on
A) functional fixedness.
B) restructuring.
C) a mental set.
D) an analogy.

Accepted Answer

Cara's assumption is based on a mental set, where she has a fixed expectation of the problem being the battery based on her previous experience of fixing three cars with the same issue by replacing their batteries.

Question 3

Mary does well in both math and science. According to general intelligence theory, Mary's performance in literature and history should be ________ how she does in math and science.
A) worse than
B) completely unrelated to
C) as good as
D) much better than

Accepted Answer

General intelligence theory posits that an individual's performance across different cognitive domains is correlated, suggesting that if Mary does well in math and science, she should also perform well in literature and history.

Question 4

Fred wants to be a lawyer. To achieve this goal, Fred realizes he will have to graduate from law school. He also knows that to go to law school, he will have to graduate from college. So,
He decides that his first step toward his goal of being a lawyer is to apply to college. To solve
His problem, Fred is using
A) an analogy.
B) working backward.
C) insight.
D) subgoals.

Accepted Answer

Fred is breaking down his overall goal of being a lawyer into smaller, achievable subgoals - the first being applying to college. Therefore, he is using subgoals to solve his problem.

Question 5

Josh is having trouble deciding which of two pairs of shoes to buy. Donna tells him that when she could not decide which of two sweaters to buy, she decided to buy both sweaters.
Josh realizes that buying both pairs of shoes will solve his problem as well. Josh ________
To solve his problem.
A) worked backward
B) used insight
C) overcame a mental set
D) used an analogy

Accepted Answer

Josh used an analogy by applying Donna's solution to his own situation, comparing the decision-making process about sweaters to his about shoes.

Question 6

When we encounter a difficult problem, thinking about the problem in a new way can help solve it. This technique is known as
A) using a mental set.
B) functional fixedness.
C) restructuring.
D) using an analogy.

Accepted Answer

The technique described of thinking about a problem in a new way is known as restructuring. A and B (using a mental set and functional fixedness) are actually obstacles to problem-solving rather than techniques, and D (using an analogy) is a strategy that can be used to generate new ways of thinking about a problem, but is not the technique being described in this question.

Question 7

Annie needs to take her cat to the vet but she does not have a carrier. She remembers that once she took her guinea pig to the vet in a pot. But she knows the cat will not fit in a pot, so
She cannot use this strategy. Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of
A) poor insight.
B) a mental set.
C) subgoals.
D) framing.

Accepted Answer

Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of a mental set. She is stuck on the idea of using a pot to transport her pet instead of considering other options.

Question 8

If you can make decisions, solve problems, learn quickly, and adapt to changes in the environment, you probably have a
A) low level of intelligence.
B) high level of intelligence.
C) high level of insight.
D) low level of insight.

Accepted Answer

The ability to make decisions, solve problems, learn quickly, and adapt to changes in the environment are all indicators of high level of intelligence. Therefore, the correct choice is B. Choices C and D are not accurate options as they do not match the given criteria. Choice A is incorrect since it states a "low level of intelligence" which contradicts the presented abilities.

Question 9

The main concept of general intelligence theory is that
A) one factor underlies intelligence.
B) there are three different types of intelligence.
C) there are two types of intelligence.
D) intelligence is too general to measure accurately.

Accepted Answer

The main concept of general intelligence theory, also known as "g factor" theory, is that intelligence can be boiled down to a single factor that underlies all cognitive abilities. This means that someone who is intelligent in one area is likely to be intelligent in other areas as well. This theory was proposed by psychologist Charles Spearman in the early 20th century.

Question 10

While moving into a new apartment, Cole needed to hold the door open but he did not have a doorstop. Instead, he used his heavy potted plant to prop open the door. Cole solved
This problem by
A) overcoming functional fixedness.
B) framing.
C) restructuring.
D) using a mental set.

Accepted Answer

Cole overcame functional fixedness by using the potted plant for a purpose other than its conventional use, which is to hold a plant. Functional fixedness is the inability to see an object being used for something other than what it was designed for, and by using the potted plant as a doorstop, Cole demonstrated his ability to see beyond the traditional use of the potted plant.

Question 11

There are three common strategies for revising mental representations. Which of the following correctly pairs the strategy with an example of that strategy?
A) restructuring; novel-uses task
B) functional fixedness; the dunker candle task
C) mental sets; the nine-dot-problem
D) insight; working backward

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are three common strategies for revising...

Question 12

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.
A) general
B) single
C) fluid
D) crystallized

Accepted Answer

The general intelligence theory proposes that a single factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks, while the other options (single, fluid, and crystallized) do not necessarily suggest this overarching factor.

Question 13

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out. In order to have enough light to read your textbook, you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from
The screen to read the book. You are able to successfully study for your exam because
You avoid
A) restructuring the problem.
B) functional fixedness.
C) working backward.
D) using analogies.

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness refers to the tendency to think about objects in terms of their conventional uses. In this scenario, using a cell phone as a source of light to study is an unconventional use, demonstrating the absence of functional fixedness. The other options, restructuring the problem, working backward, and using analogies, are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 14

Karl was posting signs on campus and he ran out of tape to put up the last sign. He could not figure out another way to put up the sign even though he was chewing gum and could
Have used the gum to put up the sign. Karl most likely did not come up with this solution
Because of
A) framing.
B) functional fixedness.
C) restructuring.
D) lack of insight.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes functional fixedness, which is the tendency to only see objects as having their traditional or usual function, and therefore not considering alternative uses for them. Karl is unable to see gum as a substitute for tape because he is fixed on its primary function as a chewable substance.

Question 15

Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembers a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that
Support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry ________
To solve his problem.
A) worked backward
B) used an analogy
C) used insight
D) created subgoals

Accepted Answer

Terry used an analogy when he remembered the bridge support system and applied it to his cake structure.

Question 16

There are three common strategies for revising mental representations. Which of the following correctly pairs the strategy with an example of that strategy?
A) restructuring; the nine-dot-problem
B) mental sets; the dunker candle task
C) mental sets; the nine-dot-problem
D) restructuring; the dunker candle task

Accepted Answer

Restructuring involves changing the way information is organized in order to create a new mental representation. The nine-dot problem is a classic example of this strategy because it requires participants to think outside of the box and restructure their mental representation of the dots in order to solve the problem. Mental sets, on the other hand, refer to the tendency to approach problems using the same strategies that have worked in the past, even if they are not appropriate for the current situation. The dunker candle task is a well-known example of this strategy, as participants often struggle to break out of a mental set and discover the novel solution of using the box itself as a platform.

Question 17

Our ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems demonstrates
A) informal reasoning.
B) intelligence.
C) insight.
D) formal reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems is a key trait of intelligence.

Question 18

Mr. O'Neil, a high school math teacher, believes that students who are good at math will also be good in English, history, and music. Mr. O'Neil's belief most closely resembles the________ intelligence theory.
A) triarchic
B) general
C) multiple
D) emotional

Accepted Answer

Mr. O'Neil's belief that intelligence is a single factor that affects performance across subjects aligns with the general intelligence theory, which posits that intelligence is a single entity that underlies all mental abilities. The triarchic theory suggests that intelligence is composed of three aspects (analytical, creative, practical), the multiple intelligence theory proposes that intelligence is made up of multiple independent intelligences (such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic), and the emotional intelligence theory focuses on the ability to perceive, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Question 19

When John uses his knowledge to reason, make decisions, and adapt to environmental challenges, he is
A) showing intelligence.
B) avoiding a mental set.
C) showing insight.
D) avoiding functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence involves utilizing one's knowledge to problem-solve, make decisions, and adapt to new situations. Therefore, the described behavior matches the definition of intelligence. Choices B, C, and D are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 20

If you have a higher level of general intelligence, you are also likely to have better
A) parenting skills.
B) interpersonal relationships.
C) physical health.
D) emotional regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you have a higher level of...

Quiz 8: Thinking and Intelligence

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys. So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point. You are using the problem-solving Technique of ________ to help find your keys.

Cara is a mechanic. She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start, she assumes the problem is the battery. Cara's assumption is based on

Mary does well in both math and science. According to general intelligence theory, Mary's performance in literature and history should be ________ how she does in math and science.

Josh is having trouble deciding which of two pairs of shoes to buy. Donna tells him that when she could not decide which of two sweaters to buy, she decided to buy both sweaters. Josh realizes that buying both pairs of shoes will solve his problem as well. Josh ________ To solve his problem.

When we encounter a difficult problem, thinking about the problem in a new way can help solve it. This technique is known as

Annie needs to take her cat to the vet but she does not have a carrier. She remembers that once she took her guinea pig to the vet in a pot. But she knows the cat will not fit in a pot, so She cannot use this strategy. Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of

If you can make decisions, solve problems, learn quickly, and adapt to changes in the environment, you probably have a

The main concept of general intelligence theory is that

While moving into a new apartment, Cole needed to hold the door open but he did not have a doorstop. Instead, he used his heavy potted plant to prop open the door. Cole solved This problem by

There are three common strategies for revising mental representations. Which of the following correctly pairs the strategy with an example of that strategy?

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory.

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out. In order to have enough light to read your textbook, you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from The screen to read the book. You are able to successfully study for your exam because You avoid

Karl was posting signs on campus and he ran out of tape to put up the last sign. He could not figure out another way to put up the sign even though he was chewing gum and could Have used the gum to put up the sign. Karl most likely did not come up with this solution Because of

Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembers a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that Support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry ________ To solve his problem.

There are three common strategies for revising mental representations. Which of the following correctly pairs the strategy with an example of that strategy?

Our ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems demonstrates

Mr. O'Neil, a high school math teacher, believes that students who are good at math will also be good in English, history, and music. Mr. O'Neil's belief most closely resembles the________ intelligence theory.

When John uses his knowledge to reason, make decisions, and adapt to environmental challenges, he is

If you have a higher level of general intelligence, you are also likely to have better