Question 1

The subfield of cognitive psychology focuses on
A) groups, relationships, and workplace interactions.
B) personality, gender, and self-concept.
C) norms, beliefs, and values.
D) thinking, memory, and attention.

Accepted Answer

The subfield of cognitive psychology specifically examines mental processes such as thinking, memory, and attention. A, B, and C are all focused on different areas of social psychology.

Question 2

In the scientific method, a specific, testable prediction about a theory is called
A) a hypothesis.
B) empiricism.
C) a variable.
D) a theory.

Accepted Answer

A specific, testable prediction about a theory is known as a hypothesis in the scientific method.

Question 3

Dr. Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through the elementary and middle school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) developmental
B) personality
C) cognitive
D) organizational

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ebrahim's field of study is focused on how children's friendships change over time, which is a key aspect of human development. Therefore, she is a developmental psychologist. Personality psychology focuses on individual differences in personality traits, cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as attention, perception, and memory, and organizational psychology deals with behavior within organizations and workplaces.

Question 4

Dr. Growe is reading an article discussing the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology.
A) Developmental
B) Social
C) Cultural
D) Personality

Accepted Answer

The study of group dynamics and conformity falls under the domain of social psychology. Therefore, Dr. Growe is most likely reading a journal related to social psychology.

Question 5

Your nephew is fascinated with human memory and the strategies that help people remember large amounts of information. If he were to become a psychologist, you suspect that he would be best suited for a career in
A) industrial/organizational psychology.
B) cognitive psychology or neuroscience.
C) developmental psychology.
D) clinical psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology and neuroscience both deal with the study of memory, learning, and cognition. These fields would allow for a more in-depth exploration of the strategies and mechanisms involved in memory formation and retention.

Question 6

The type of psychologist who studies how people are affected by the presence of others is called a ________ psychologist.
A) developmental
B) cultural
C) social
D) clinical

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists study how people are influenced by the presence of others and how those interactions affect behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Developmental psychologists focus on how people change and grow throughout their lifetimes. Cultural psychologists study how culture influences behavior, beliefs, and values. Clinical psychologists diagnose and treat psychological disorders.

Question 7

If Mike wants to use the scientific method, he would use all of the following elements EXCEPT
A) focusing on a theory.
B) stating a hypothesis.
C) using a research method.
D) recalling his personal experiences.

Accepted Answer

The scientific method involves using empirical evidence and objective observations to test a hypothesis or theory. It does not involve recalling personal experiences, as this is subjective and cannot be reliably tested or verified.

Question 8

Which of the following is a specific, testable prediction?
A) a theory
B) a hypothesis
C) a correlation
D) introspection

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction that can be proven true or false through experimentation or observation. The other options are not specific enough to be considered a testable prediction.

Question 9

Daniel is highly interested in workplace training and job placement. He would probably be most interested in speaking to a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) counseling
B) clinical
C) industrial/organizational
D) developmental

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in workplace issues, such as training, job placement, and employee satisfaction.

Question 10

Psychologists work in many settings. Which are the two main areas?
A) business and government
B) health care settings and private practice
C) government and private practice
D) universities and health care settings

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists work in many settings. Which are...

Question 11

A set of interconnected ideas that psychologists use to explain prior research findings and to make predictions about the future is called (a)n
A) theory.
B) hypothesis.
C) literature review.
D) replication.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a set of interconnected ideas that psychologists use to explain prior research findings and to make predictions about the future. A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about a particular phenomenon, and a literature review is a comprehensive analysis of published research on a particular topic. Replication refers to the process of repeating a study with different participants to see if the same results are obtained.

Question 12

Susannah observes the world around her and measures various aspects of it to gain new knowledge. Susannah is learning about the world by using
A) descriptive statistics.
B) a theory.
C) a hypothesis.
D) empiricism.

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is the process of gaining knowledge through observation or experience. As Susannah is observing the world around her and measuring various aspects of it, she is using empiricism to learn about the world. Descriptive statistics, theories, and hypotheses are all tools that can be used in conjunction with empiricism, but on their own, they do not encompass the process of gaining knowledge through observation and experience.

Question 13

Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work best exemplifies the ________ subfield of psychology.
A) cognitive
B) experimental
C) developmental
D) biological

Accepted Answer

Dr. Alvarez's work focuses on the physical processes and structures of the brain, making it an example of the biological subfield of psychology.

Question 14

You are having a difficult time deciding whether to switch career paths. To help cope with this challenge in your professional life, you should seek help from a ________ psychologist.
A) personality
B) social
C) developmental
D) counseling

Accepted Answer

A counseling psychologist is best suited to help someone cope with a difficult decision regarding their career path. Counseling psychologists specialize in providing support and guidance to individuals who are struggling with personal or professional challenges. They can provide guidance on exploring options for career paths, managing stress and anxiety, and developing decision-making skills.

Question 15

George is looking for a research project. To get started, he could make use of an existing theory because
A) theories are shown to be true, so subsequent research is successful.
B) one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses.
C) a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers.
D) theories lead to successful research.

Accepted Answer

The benefit of using an existing theory is that it provides a framework for generating testable hypotheses. This can help guide the research process and ensure that it is based on sound principles. Theories are not necessarily shown to be true, nor can they always be replicated, but they can be valuable tools for guiding research.

Question 16

Four psychologists, each from a different psychological perspective, are eating dinner. They notice their waitress is crying. When the waitress leaves, they each provide an explanation for why she is crying. What did the humanistic psychologist most likely say?
A) "She is struggling with psychological blockages from unconscious conflicts."
B) "She thinks her job is harming her personal growth and preventing her from realizing her full potential."
C) "She was probably punished by her boss, or denied some expected reward."
D) "She is concerned about her biological clock and that she will not be able to pass on her genes."

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes that individuals have a natural drive towards growth and self-actualization. The humanistic psychologist would most likely assume that the waitress is crying because she feels like her job is preventing her from reaching her full potential and personal growth.

Question 17

Which psychological approach focused on the ability of people to choose activities that make them feel happy and bring them fulfillment?
A) humanistic psychology
B) behaviorism
C) gestalt psychology
D) functionalism

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the personal growth and self-actualization of individuals, emphasizing the importance of people's subjective experiences and free will in shaping their behavior and fulfilling their potential. It is focused on helping people achieve their goals and find meaning and fulfillment in their lives, which often involves making choices about activities that bring happiness and satisfaction.

Question 18

Why are schools of thought in psychology less important today?
A) Psychology has fully explained human behavior and mental activity.
B) Mental activity and behavior must be examined from many different perspectives.
C) All of the schools of thought were equally correct.
D) None of the schools of thought was correct.

Accepted Answer

Mental activity and behavior are complex phenomena that cannot be fully understood from one perspective. As a result, psychologists typically draw from different schools of thought and a variety of research methods to gain a fuller understanding of human behavior and mental activity. While some schools of thought may have been discredited or fallen out of favor, the insights and theories developed from these approaches are still important for understanding the history and diversity of psychological thought.

Question 19

Psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called ________ psychologists.
A) school
B) personality
C) clinical
D) cognitive

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists are specifically trained to study, assess and treat individuals with psychological disorders. They undergo extensive training in knowledge of abnormal behavior, the diagnostic classification of mental health disorders, and psychotherapy techniques.

Question 20

The shared beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group make up a person's
A) society.
B) culture.
C) civilization.
D) community.

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, rules, and customs of a group of people, whereas society refers to the people themselves and their interactions. Civilization generally refers to a complex society and its culture, while community typically refers to a smaller group of people living in the same area.

Quiz 1: Introducing the World of Psychology

The subfield of cognitive psychology focuses on

In the scientific method, a specific, testable prediction about a theory is called

Dr. Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through the elementary and middle school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Dr. Growe is reading an article discussing the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology.

Your nephew is fascinated with human memory and the strategies that help people remember large amounts of information. If he were to become a psychologist, you suspect that he would be best suited for a career in

The type of psychologist who studies how people are affected by the presence of others is called a ________ psychologist.

If Mike wants to use the scientific method, he would use all of the following elements EXCEPT

Which of the following is a specific, testable prediction?

Daniel is highly interested in workplace training and job placement. He would probably be most interested in speaking to a(n) ________ psychologist.

Psychologists work in many settings. Which are the two main areas?

A set of interconnected ideas that psychologists use to explain prior research findings and to make predictions about the future is called (a) n

Susannah observes the world around her and measures various aspects of it to gain new knowledge. Susannah is learning about the world by using

Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work best exemplifies the ________ subfield of psychology.

You are having a difficult time deciding whether to switch career paths. To help cope with this challenge in your professional life, you should seek help from a ________ psychologist.

George is looking for a research project. To get started, he could make use of an existing theory because

Four psychologists, each from a different psychological perspective, are eating dinner. They notice their waitress is crying. When the waitress leaves, they each provide an explanation for why she is crying. What did the humanistic psychologist most likely say?

Which psychological approach focused on the ability of people to choose activities that make them feel happy and bring them fulfillment?

Why are schools of thought in psychology less important today?

Psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called ________ psychologists.

The shared beliefs, values, rules, and customs that exist within a group make up a person's