Question 1

Executive function is most closely associated with which brain region?
A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)motor cortex
D)prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

Executive functions, including planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling impulses, are most closely associated with the prefrontal cortex of the brain.

Question 2

After a severe car accident,John begins to have difficulty suppressing his emotions.Upon further examinations,an MRI reveals that he has suffered severe trauma to his frontal lobe.This demonstrates which neuroscience principle?
A)magnetic resonance
B)aphasia
C)phrenology
D)localization of function

Accepted Answer

The principle demonstrated is the localization of function, which refers to the idea that specific parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions. In this case, the trauma to John's frontal lobe, which is known to be involved in emotion regulation among other functions, leads to his difficulty in suppressing emotions, illustrating this principle.

Question 3

Based on the way the somatosensory cortex is structured,which body part should activate the largest area of cortex?
A)fingers
B)chest
C)shoulder
D)thigh

Accepted Answer

The somatosensory cortex is organized somatotopically, meaning different regions of the cortex are dedicated to processing sensory information from different parts of the body. The amount of cortex devoted to a body part is proportional to the sensitivity and density of sensory receptors in that part, not its size. The fingers have a high concentration of sensory receptors, allowing for precise tactile discrimination, and thus occupy a larger area of the somatosensory cortex compared to the chest, shoulder, or thigh.

Question 4

After a severe car accident,John is unable to breathe on his own and his heart is not maintaining a steady rhythm.He has most likely suffered damage to which brain structure?
A)hippocampus
B)amygdala
C)medulla
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The medulla controls vital life-sustaining functions such as breathing and heart rate, so damage to this area can result in the inability to breathe on one's own and irregular heart rhythms.

Question 5

According to the principles of phrenology (if they were accurate),which animal should have the most powerful cognitive processes and mental functions?
A)rat
B)dog
C)human
D)whale

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the principles of phrenology (if...

Question 6

The difficulty in connecting cognitive processes as observed by behavior and cognitive processes in the brain as observed by brain activity could best be described as a problem in the level of ______.
A)detail
B)explanation
C)complication
D)interpretation

Accepted Answer

The problem is in the level of explanation because it involves linking observable behavior with underlying brain processes, requiring an understanding of how cognitive functions are implemented in the brain.

Question 7

Which major area of the brain would be most implicated in the study of cognitive processes?
A)hindbrain
B)midbrain
C)forebrain
D)anterobrain

Accepted Answer

The forebrain is the most complex part of the brain and includes structures such as the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus, which are crucial for cognitive processes like thinking, decision making, and problem-solving.

Question 8

Findings by Lashley in which a rat showed deficits in maze navigation proportional to the total amount of cortex removed from the brain best demonstrates ______.
A)cognitive functions are highly specific to and recruit particular brain regions
B)cognitive functions can be spread across and recruit multiple brain regions
C)cognitive functions are independent of the physical brain
D)cognitive functions cannot operate with any damage to the physical brain

Accepted Answer

Lashley's findings suggest that cognitive functions, such as maze navigation in rats, are not localized to specific brain regions but rather are distributed across the cortex. This is because the deficits observed were proportional to the amount of cortex removed, not the specific location of the removal, indicating that cognitive functions can recruit multiple brain regions.

Question 9

The frontal,occipital,parietal,and temporal lobes collectively are described as the ______.
A)limbic system
B)motor cortex
C)cerebral cortex
D)brainstem

Accepted Answer

The frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes are all part of the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the cerebrum in the brain, involved in various high-level brain functions such as thought, emotion, and sensory processing.

Question 10

Which brain imaging technique requires no exposure to radiation?
A)PET
B)SPECT
C)MRI
D)CAT

Accepted Answer

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of the brain, avoiding the use of ionizing radiation.

Question 11

Modulation of the strength of emotional memories is accomplished by the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala, not the hippocampus, is primarily responsible for modulating the strength of emotional memories. The hippocampus is involved in forming and organizing memories but the emotional coloring and strength modulation are functions of the amygdala.

Question 12

Which brain structure would most likely be involved in the formation of long-term memories?
A)hypothalamus
B)hippocampus
C)thalamus
D)pons

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of long-term memories, playing a significant role in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 13

Brain regions which show ______ plasticity are hypothesized to be ______ to the effects of aging and environmental toxins.
A)the least;most vulnerable
B)the most;least vulnerable
C)the most;most vulnerable
D)zero;immune

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain regions which show ______ plasticity are...

Question 14

The hypothalamus controls homeostatic behaviors such as eating,drinking,sleeping,and sexual behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual behavior, to maintain homeostasis.

Question 15

Based on neuroscience evidence,which brain structure takes the longest period of time to fully mature in structure and function?
A)hippocampus
B)prefrontal cortex
C)limbic system
D)brain stem

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex, responsible for decision-making, impulse control, and self-regulation, is the last part of the brain to fully mature, often not reaching full development until the mid-20s.

Question 16

If the prefrontal cortex were damaged,you would most likely expect which process to be impaired?
A)executive function
B)emotional memory
C)hormone regulation
D)memory formation

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for executive functions, which include planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling impulses. Damage to this area can impair these abilities.

Question 17

The temporal lobes are located on the sides of the head.

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobes are indeed located on the sides of the head, roughly above the ears, and are involved in processing auditory information and encoding memory.

Question 18

Based on evolutionary principles,which brain structure would you expect to be most physically and structurally similar between a human and a rat?
A)cerebellum
B)hippocampus
C)occipital lobe
D)frontal lobe

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is an evolutionarily older brain structure involved in motor control and coordination, and it is structurally similar across many species, including humans and rats.

Question 19

Disruption of memory is referred to as aphasia.

Accepted Answer

Aphasia refers to a disruption in language abilities (speaking, understanding, reading, or writing), typically caused by damage to the brain, while memory disruption is not specifically termed aphasia but can involve other cognitive impairments or conditions.

Question 20

The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain located at the front of the frontal lobe and is involved in complex behaviors including planning, decision-making, problem-solving, self-control, and acting with long-term goals in mind, all of which are aspects of executive functioning.

Quiz 2: The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Executive function is most closely associated with which brain region?

After a severe car accident,John begins to have difficulty suppressing his emotions.Upon further examinations,an MRI reveals that he has suffered severe trauma to his frontal lobe.This demonstrates which neuroscience principle?

Based on the way the somatosensory cortex is structured,which body part should activate the largest area of cortex?

After a severe car accident,John is unable to breathe on his own and his heart is not maintaining a steady rhythm.He has most likely suffered damage to which brain structure?

According to the principles of phrenology (if they were accurate) ,which animal should have the most powerful cognitive processes and mental functions?

The difficulty in connecting cognitive processes as observed by behavior and cognitive processes in the brain as observed by brain activity could best be described as a problem in the level of ______.

Which major area of the brain would be most implicated in the study of cognitive processes?

Findings by Lashley in which a rat showed deficits in maze navigation proportional to the total amount of cortex removed from the brain best demonstrates ______.

The frontal,occipital,parietal,and temporal lobes collectively are described as the ______.

Which brain imaging technique requires no exposure to radiation?

Modulation of the strength of emotional memories is accomplished by the hippocampus.

Which brain structure would most likely be involved in the formation of long-term memories?

Brain regions which show plasticity are hypothesized to be to the effects of aging and environmental toxins.

The hypothalamus controls homeostatic behaviors such as eating,drinking,sleeping,and sexual behaviors.

Based on neuroscience evidence,which brain structure takes the longest period of time to fully mature in structure and function?

If the prefrontal cortex were damaged,you would most likely expect which process to be impaired?

The temporal lobes are located on the sides of the head.

Based on evolutionary principles,which brain structure would you expect to be most physically and structurally similar between a human and a rat?

Disruption of memory is referred to as aphasia.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functioning.