Question 1

______ involves being unable to swap problem solving strategies,while ______ refers to being unable to consider novel uses for objects.
A)Analogical inconsistency;mental set
B)Functional fixedness;analogical inconsistency
C)Mental set;functional fixedness
D)Analogical inconsistency;functional fixedness

Accepted Answer

Mental set involves being unable to swap problem-solving strategies due to being stuck in a particular mindset, while functional fixedness refers to the inability to see objects being used in a way other than their traditional use.

Question 2

The ______ problem is a classic problem-solving experiment in which participants must use working backward in order to find the most efficient problem-solving strategy.
A)Towers of Hanoi
B)General in the Jungle
C)Physics Rotation
D)Tumor Intervention

Accepted Answer

The Towers of Hanoi is a classic problem-solving experiment that requires participants to move a stack of disks from one peg to another, with the constraint that no larger disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk. It often requires working backward to find the most efficient solution.

Question 3

People do not usually reason from a single analogy without being explicitly told to do so.

Accepted Answer

People often use multiple analogies or examples to reason and understand complex concepts, as relying on a single analogy can be limiting and may not capture all aspects of the situation.

Question 4

The cognitive processes used in solving well-defined and ill-defined problems have been proven to be very different.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that while there are differences in the processes, both well-defined and ill-defined problems often engage similar cognitive processes, such as problem representation and strategy formulation.

Question 5

Patient P.F.suffered from grand maul epileptic seizures which damaged his ______,resulting in an inability to apply his architectural expertise to ill-defined problems.
A)amygdala
B)prefrontal cortex
C)cerebellum
D)sensorimotor cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for complex cognitive behavior, decision making, and moderating social behavior. Damage to this area can impair one's ability to solve complex, ill-defined problems, which would affect someone's capacity to apply expertise in areas requiring high-level cognitive functions, such as architecture.

Question 6

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016),during college years,students show a(n)______ in critical thinking skills and a(n)______ in critical thinking dispositions.
A)decrease;decrease
B)decrease;increase
C)increase;decrease
D)increase;increase

Accepted Answer

Huber and Kuncel (2016) found that during college years, students show an increase in both critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions. This suggests that higher education contributes positively to the development of critical thinking abilities and the inclination to engage in critical thinking.

Question 7

The ______ is to mental set as the ______ is to functional fixedness.
A)water jar problem;tumor problem
B)tumor problem;string problem
C)string problem;general problem
D)water jar problem;string problem

Accepted Answer

The water jar problem illustrates mental set, where individuals are inclined to use familiar strategies even when better alternatives exist. The string problem exemplifies functional fixedness, demonstrating how people can struggle to see objects being used in ways other than their traditional or usual functions.

Question 8

"Insight" might best be described as ______.
A)a change in frame of reference when interpreting or organizing parts of a problem
B)an ability to repeatedly apply the same problem-solving strategy over and over again
C)coming up with a novel idea that does not address an existing problem
D)a mundane solution to an existing problem

Accepted Answer

Insight involves a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem, which can include changing how one perceives the parts of the problem or reorganizing these parts in a new way. This is different from simply applying the same strategy repeatedly, coming up with unrelated ideas, or finding mundane solutions.

Question 9

If I were to solve an anagram such as SPLOYOCHGY by mapping out the problem space of all the different permutations of letters in different orders until I reached a conclusion,I'd most likely be using which kind of problem solving method?
A)generate-and-test
B)heuristic
C)open-ended
D)algorithmic

Accepted Answer

The answer of If I were to solve an anagram...

Question 10

According to Dewey (1933),______ is defined as "active,persistent,and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends."
A)critical thinking
B)deliberative thinking
C)active thinking
D)universal thinking

Accepted Answer

Dewey (1933) defines critical thinking as "active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends." This definition emphasizes the importance of evaluating information and beliefs critically.

Question 11

Means-ends analysis can guarantee a solution to any problem.

Accepted Answer

Means-ends analysis is a problem-solving strategy that aims to reduce the gap between the current state and the goal state. However, it cannot guarantee a solution to any problem, as some problems may not be solvable with the information or resources available.

Question 12

Experts tend to approach problems in their field at a ______ level,while novices tend to approach problems at a ______ level.
A)shallow;shallow
B)shallow;deep
C)deep;shallow
D)deep;deep

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experts tend to approach problems in their...

Question 13

A(n)______ problem does not have a clear goal,adequate starting information,or accessible set of steps.
A)classic
B)well-defined
C)ill-defined
D)fixation

Accepted Answer

An ill-defined problem lacks a clear goal, adequate starting information, or an accessible set of steps, making it difficult to identify a clear path to a solution.

Question 14

Working backward is a useful approach to solving the Towers of Hanoi problem.

Accepted Answer

Working backward is a useful strategy for solving the Towers of Hanoi problem because it helps in understanding the sequence of moves required to solve the puzzle, especially for transferring the largest disk to its final position.

Question 15

According to Wertheimer (1945),a learner would be most successful when taught through ______.
A)mechanically repetitive means
B)essential structures
C)rote means
D)metaphorical structures

Accepted Answer

Wertheimer (1945) emphasized the importance of understanding the underlying principles or "essential structures" of a subject for successful learning, rather than relying on rote memorization or mechanical repetition.

Question 16

Creativity is ideally both novel and ______.
A)abstract
B)appropriate
C)accessible
D)actualized

Accepted Answer

Creativity involves generating ideas or solutions that are not only novel but also appropriate, meaning they are useful and relevant to the context or problem at hand.

Question 17

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016),critical thinking ______ include willingness to engage in critical thinking while critical thinking ______ include being able to examine one's assumptions and conclusions.
A)skills;dispositions
B)motivation;incubation
C)dispositions;skills
D)incubation;motivation

Accepted Answer

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016), critical thinking dispositions include the willingness to engage in critical thinking, which is more about the attitude or inclination towards thinking critically. On the other hand, critical thinking skills involve the ability to examine one's assumptions and conclusions, which refers to the cognitive processes and abilities involved in critical thinking.

Question 18

Patient P.F.was tasked with designing a new lab space.His inability to actually generate a new architectural lab design for over two hours after being presented with the problem suggests that his right-hemisphere lesion to the prefrontal cortex affected his ability to engage with ______.
A)ill-defined problems
B)well-defined problems
C)expert systems
D)critical thinking

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex is associated with creative thinking, spatial awareness, and the ability to deal with ambiguous or ill-defined problems. P.F.'s difficulty in generating a new architectural design, an inherently creative and spatial task that often involves ambiguous or ill-defined parameters, suggests an impairment in dealing with ill-defined problems due to the lesion.

Question 19

The popular number game Sudoku involves using given information to make guesses about where certain numbers should fall within a large grid.As you begin to fill in numbers,you become more certain of which numbers can go in other cells.This demonstrates which problem-solving strategy?
A)working backward
B)backtracking
C)means-end
D)generate-and-test

Accepted Answer

The answer of The popular number game Sudoku involves using...

Question 20

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

Accepted Answer

Both mental set and perceptual set involve a predisposition to perceive or approach problems in a certain way, based on past experiences and expectations, affecting problem-solving and pattern recognition respectively.

Quiz 11: Thinking and Problem Solving

involves being unable to swap problem solving strategies,while refers to being unable to consider novel uses for objects.

The ______ problem is a classic problem-solving experiment in which participants must use working backward in order to find the most efficient problem-solving strategy.

People do not usually reason from a single analogy without being explicitly told to do so.

The cognitive processes used in solving well-defined and ill-defined problems have been proven to be very different.

Patient P.F.suffered from grand maul epileptic seizures which damaged his ______,resulting in an inability to apply his architectural expertise to ill-defined problems.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,during college years,students show a(n) in critical thinking skills and a(n) in critical thinking dispositions.

The is to mental set as the is to functional fixedness.

"Insight" might best be described as ______.

If I were to solve an anagram such as SPLOYOCHGY by mapping out the problem space of all the different permutations of letters in different orders until I reached a conclusion,I'd most likely be using which kind of problem solving method?

According to Dewey (1933) ,______ is defined as "active,persistent,and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends."

Means-ends analysis can guarantee a solution to any problem.

Experts tend to approach problems in their field at a level,while novices tend to approach problems at a level.

A(n) ______ problem does not have a clear goal,adequate starting information,or accessible set of steps.

Working backward is a useful approach to solving the Towers of Hanoi problem.

According to Wertheimer (1945) ,a learner would be most successful when taught through ______.

Creativity is ideally both novel and ______.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,critical thinking include willingness to engage in critical thinking while critical thinking include being able to examine one's assumptions and conclusions.

Patient P.F.was tasked with designing a new lab space.His inability to actually generate a new architectural lab design for over two hours after being presented with the problem suggests that his right-hemisphere lesion to the prefrontal cortex affected his ability to engage with ______.

The popular number game Sudoku involves using given information to make guesses about where certain numbers should fall within a large grid.As you begin to fill in numbers,you become more certain of which numbers can go in other cells.This demonstrates which problem-solving strategy?

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

Quiz 11: Thinking and Problem Solving

______ involves being unable to swap problem solving strategies,while ______ refers to being unable to consider novel uses for objects.

The ______ problem is a classic problem-solving experiment in which participants must use working backward in order to find the most efficient problem-solving strategy.

People do not usually reason from a single analogy without being explicitly told to do so.

The cognitive processes used in solving well-defined and ill-defined problems have been proven to be very different.

Patient P.F.suffered from grand maul epileptic seizures which damaged his ______,resulting in an inability to apply his architectural expertise to ill-defined problems.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,during college years,students show a(n) ______ in critical thinking skills and a(n) ______ in critical thinking dispositions.

The ______ is to mental set as the ______ is to functional fixedness.

"Insight" might best be described as ______.

If I were to solve an anagram such as SPLOYOCHGY by mapping out the problem space of all the different permutations of letters in different orders until I reached a conclusion,I'd most likely be using which kind of problem solving method?

According to Dewey (1933) ,______ is defined as "active,persistent,and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends."

Means-ends analysis can guarantee a solution to any problem.

Experts tend to approach problems in their field at a ______ level,while novices tend to approach problems at a ______ level.

A(n) ______ problem does not have a clear goal,adequate starting information,or accessible set of steps.

Working backward is a useful approach to solving the Towers of Hanoi problem.

According to Wertheimer (1945) ,a learner would be most successful when taught through ______.

Creativity is ideally both novel and ______.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,critical thinking ______ include willingness to engage in critical thinking while critical thinking ______ include being able to examine one's assumptions and conclusions.

Patient P.F.was tasked with designing a new lab space.His inability to actually generate a new architectural lab design for over two hours after being presented with the problem suggests that his right-hemisphere lesion to the prefrontal cortex affected his ability to engage with ______.

The popular number game Sudoku involves using given information to make guesses about where certain numbers should fall within a large grid.As you begin to fill in numbers,you become more certain of which numbers can go in other cells.This demonstrates which problem-solving strategy?

Mental set in problem solving is similar to perceptual set in pattern recognition.

involves being unable to swap problem solving strategies,while refers to being unable to consider novel uses for objects.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,during college years,students show a(n) in critical thinking skills and a(n) in critical thinking dispositions.

The is to mental set as the is to functional fixedness.

Experts tend to approach problems in their field at a level,while novices tend to approach problems at a level.

According to Huber and Kuncel (2016) ,critical thinking include willingness to engage in critical thinking while critical thinking include being able to examine one's assumptions and conclusions.