Question 1

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is the best choice because it refers to the drive and desire that comes from within a person to pursue a goal, without being influenced by external factors such as rewards or punishments. Option A (extensive motivation) and D (intensive drive) are not commonly used terms in psychology, and extrinsic motivation (option B) refers to the motivation that comes from external rewards or punishments.

Question 2

Because of their ability to understand group categories, young children _____.

Accepted Answer

Young children are more likely to remember cartoon characters whose names begin with the same letter as theirs because they are beginning to understand group categories. This is an example of implicit egotism, which is the tendency for people to favor things that are associated with themselves.

Question 3

Jaspreet frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives. When alone, however, Jaspreet rarely plays the piano. Jaspreet's motivation _____.

Accepted Answer

Jaspreet's motivation is mostly extrinsic, as she only plays the piano to receive praise and attention from others. This suggests that she is not intrinsically motivated and does not play the piano just for the pleasure it brings her.

Question 4

Which factor contributes to young children's development of impulse control?

Accepted Answer

Maturation plays a significant role in the development of impulse control in children. As children's brains and bodies develop, they gain better control over their actions and emotions, which helps them regulate their impulses. Punishment for impulsive behaviors may temporarily suppress the behavior, but it does not necessarily teach children how to control their impulses in the long term. Setting goals for the future and watching educational television shows may indirectly support the development of impulse control by providing children with opportunities to practice self-regulation and emotional regulation, but they are not direct contributors.

Question 5

Charlotte spends hours at a time playing with her doll, Emma. She gives Emma a bath, dresses her, feeds her, and pretends to change her diaper. Charlotte is _____ to play with Emma.

Accepted Answer

Charlotte is intrinsically motivated to play with Emma because she enjoys playing with her and finds it personally rewarding, rather than being motivated by external factors such as rewards or pressure from others.

Question 6

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Children's play is influenced by their cultural practices and values. For example, children from collectivistic cultures may engage in group play more frequently, while children from individualistic cultures may engage in more independent play. Play also reflects societal norms and expectations, such as gender roles and expectations for academic achievement. Therefore, it is unlikely that the ways in which children play are identical around the world. The statement about parallel play and developmental delay (option D) is not supported by research, as parallel play is a normal and typical stage of development in young children. Therefore, option C is the most accurate statement.

Question 7

If you want to foster intrinsic motivation to play a new game, what should you tell a child?

Accepted Answer

By singling out a specific child and praising their ability to play the game, the child being spoken to will be motivated to try the game and potentially develop their own skills, rather than feeling pressured to perform based on their gender. Additionally, emphasizing an individual's skills and abilities fosters intrinsic motivation by focusing on personal growth and improvement rather than just winning or losing.

Question 8

"Boys are really good at this game," the researcher told the group of little boys. What effect did this information have on the boys' scores in the game?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Boys are really good at this game,"...

Question 9

Which of the following examples of praise would be effective in fostering intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Choice B focuses on the effort put in by the individual rather than just their inherent talent or ability. This type of praise is more likely to foster intrinsic motivation as it emphasizes the individual's agency and control in achieving success. Choices A and C are more focused on external validation and may lead to extrinsic motivation, while choice D involves a reward system which also promotes extrinsic motivation.

Question 10

Which strategy produced higher scores among children playing a game in a research study?

Accepted Answer

Telling the children that one particular child is good at this game produced higher scores among children playing a game in a research study. This is because it creates a sense of competition and encourages children to try harder in order to perform better than the specific child who was praised.

Question 11

Which is one of the stages of play identified by Mildred Parten?

Accepted Answer

Parallel play is one of the stages of play identified by Mildred Parten in her theory on the stages of play in early childhood. This stage involves children playing alongside each other without direct interaction.

Question 12

Now that Elle is in kindergarten, she is better able to hide her _____.

Accepted Answer

As children grow older, they become more adept at managing their emotions and reactions, including hiding disappointment over an undesirable gift to avoid hurting someone's feelings.

Question 13

Emil has reached the age at which he is unlikely to throw a temper tantrum. He is likely about _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

Temper tantrums are most common in toddlers and preschoolers, typically peaking around age 2-3. By the age of 5, most children have developed better emotional regulation and communication skills, making tantrums less likely.

Question 14

When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Lashing out by hitting is an externalized behavior, meaning that the expression of the emotion is directed outwardly. Internalizing problems would involve the child keeping their negative emotions bottled up and not expressing them. Modulated emotional expression refers to being able to express emotions appropriately and in a socially acceptable manner, which Karen is not doing by hitting. Frustration management involves being able to work through difficult situations without becoming overwhelmed with negative emotions.

Question 15

A child having an imaginary friend is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A child having an imaginary friend is an example of intrinsic motivation, which involves engaging in an activity purely for the enjoyment and satisfaction it brings, rather than for external rewards or pressures. The child is not seeking praise or tangible rewards for playing with their imaginary friend, but rather derives personal enjoyment and fulfillment from the activity itself.

Question 16

Regulation of which emotion is emphasized in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regulation of which emotion is emphasized in...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an externalizing problem in emotional regulation?

Accepted Answer

Externalizing problems refer to behaviors that are directed outwardly, such as aggression, defiance, and impulsivity. Christopher's behavior of lashing out uncontrollably is an example of an externalizing problem in emotional regulation.

Question 18

Young children usually play best with _____.

Accepted Answer

Young children usually have similar play styles and preferences, making it easier for them to enjoy playing with their peers. Playing with parents or older children may be intimidating or boring for them, while playing with younger siblings may cause conflicts or the older child taking on a parental role.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is characteristic of a typical young child in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A typical young child in the United States is more likely to express pride in their gender, as this aligns with societal norms and expectations. The other options, such as wishing they were a different religion or disappointed in being American, may come up in certain circumstances but are not as common as a sense of gender identity.

Question 20

One of the benefits of children having imaginary friends is that _____.

Accepted Answer

Imaginary friends can provide emotional support, serve as a source of companionship, and help children cope with stress or difficult situations. They may also allow children to practice social interactions and develop empathy and creative thinking skills. However, imaginary friends should not replace or interfere with real friendships and socialization with peers.

Quiz 10: Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development