Question 1

Which factor helps a young child to demonstrate initiative as Erikson details it in his third stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

Neurological maturity and a longer attention span help a child to explore and take initiative, which is central to Erikson's third stage of psychosocial development.

Question 2

A method of discipline that evokes a child's shame, guilt, and gratitude is called _____ control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A method of discipline that evokes a...

Question 3

In a study of the synergy of emotional regulation between mothers and their 3-year-old children while playing with a puzzle, researchers found that _____.

Accepted Answer

The study found that mothers and children regulated or deregulated each other's emotions while playing with the puzzle.

Question 4

In the marshmallow test, young children could eat a marshmallow immediately or get two if they waited. What has longitudinal data from these children revealed about those who were able to wait?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal data from the marshmallow test revealed that children who were able to wait and resist eating the marshmallow immediately grew up to do better in college than those who couldn't wait. This suggests a correlation between delayed gratification and long-term success.

Question 5

Jared, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing _____.

Accepted Answer

Jared's description of himself shows that he has a perception of who he is, which is known as his self-concept. From his description, he perceives himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. This shows that he has a developing sense of self-awareness and self-concept.

Question 6

Which of the following illustrates brain plasticity in emotional regulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following illustrates brain plasticity...

Question 7

An angry 5-year-old girl might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed _____.

Accepted Answer

Emotional regulation refers to a person's ability to effectively manage and express their emotions in socially appropriate ways. In this case, the 5-year-old girl is able to control the urge to hit another child, indicating that she has developed some level of emotional regulation. Social referencing (A) refers to a child's tendency to look to a caregiver for guidance in new or uncertain situations, self-esteem (B) refers to a person's overall sense of self-worth, and identification (C) refers to a child's tendency to model their behavior after a significant other. While all of these may play a role in a child's behavior, they do not directly relate to the scenario described.

Question 8

According to Erikson, children have _____ and thus believe that they can achieve any goal.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, children in the stage of initiative vs. guilt (ages 3-6) have an increased sense of initiative, which leads them to believe they can achieve any goal, even unrealistic ones. This is not the same as having a strong self-concept, as it is specific to their belief in their abilities to achieve goals. They may experience self-doubt or guilt if they fail in their attempts, but this is not their primary mindset at this stage.

Question 9

Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age _____.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's psychosocial stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is referred to as initiative versus guilt. This is the time when children start taking on more responsibility and developing a sense of independence, but they may also experience guilt or anxiety if they feel they have done something wrong.

Question 10

Two-year-old Julia repeatedly exclaims, "Me do it!" when her mother tries to help her. Although this behavior is frustrating, her mother understands that doing things independently will develop Julia's sense of _____.

Accepted Answer

Julia's behavior shows that she is developing a sense of initiative, which is reflected in her desire to do things independently. This is an important developmental milestone as it helps children build confidence and a sense of competence in their abilities. Trust and emotional regulation may also play a role, but they are not the primary focus of Julia's behavior in this scenario. Integrity is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 11

William is at the toy store and sees a construction set. He asks his dad if he can have it for his birthday. His dad asks him, "Do you think you would be able to use it?" William reminds his dad that he is good at building with blocks. What does this example demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The fact that William confidently reminds his dad of his ability to build with blocks suggests that he has a positive self-concept and believes in his own abilities.

Question 12

_____ is a disciplinary technique that requires a child to stop all activity and sit quietly by himself or herself for a specific length of time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a disciplinary technique that requires...

Question 13

Because parents so often remind their children of their positive accomplishments, it is common for children to develop _____.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "positive accomplishments" suggests that the children are receiving praise and validation from their parents, leading them to develop a sense of "protective optimism" or the belief that they can succeed and overcome challenges. Trust, integrity, and emotional regulation may also be developed through parental guidance, but the given information specifically relates to positive accomplishments.

Question 14

_____ makes children believe that they will be good at anything they try to do.

Accepted Answer

Protective optimism is a mindset often instilled by caregivers or educators, which helps children believe in their own abilities and that they can be successful in their endeavors. This optimistic outlook shields them from fear of failure and encourages them to try new things, fostering a belief in their own competence.

Question 15

By the age of 6 years, most children have developed their _____.

Accepted Answer

By the age of 6 years, most children have developed their self-concept, which is their understanding of themselves, including their abilities, personality traits, and physical appearance. Children's career skills, ethnic identity, and lifelong personality are still developing and evolving over time.

Question 16

The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to _____.

Accepted Answer

During the ages of 2 to 6, children are in a critical phase of emotional development. One of the key psychosocial accomplishments during this period is learning how to regulate emotions. This involves recognizing their own emotions, understanding how to express them appropriately, and managing feelings of frustration or disappointment. Emotional regulation is crucial for children's social development and their ability to form healthy relationships with others.

Question 17

"Wow, look how tall your tower is!" Lila's mother exclaims. When the tower falls and Lila is disappointed, her mother says, "Those blocks are pretty slippery. They fall too easily from such a nice tall tower." From which country is Lila?

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is a common parenting style in the United States, where parents often use positive reinforcement and encouragement to help children deal with disappointment.

Question 18

Adeline can describe some of her characteristics, including what emotions she feels. The achievements reveal that she has developed _____.

Accepted Answer

Adeline's ability to describe her characteristics and emotions indicates that she has developed her self-concept, which is an understanding of one's own personality and identity. Social referencing skills involve seeking information from others in uncertain situations, while high self-esteem is a sense of self-worth and confidence. Identity refers to a sense of who one is in terms of beliefs, values, and goals, and may take longer to develop than self-concept.

Question 19

A disciplinary method in which a caregiver talks extensively with the offending child to get the child to understand why his or her behavior was wrong is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A disciplinary method in which a caregiver...

Question 20

Because emotional regulation requires practice, maturation, and work, it is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Emotional regulation involves conscious control over emotional responses and is not an automatic process. Therefore, it requires effortful control. The other options do not accurately represent the concept of emotional regulation.

Quiz 10: Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development