Question 1

Most people believe that subliminal messages __________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that subliminal messages can actually affect attitudes and behavior, particularly in the areas of self-esteem, motivation, and purchasing decisions. However, the effects are typically short-lived and may not be very significant. There is little evidence to suggest that subliminal messages can reduce prejudice.

Question 2

Based on evidence from Karremans et al. (2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Accepted Answer

According to Karremans et al. (2006), subliminal messages have a greater impact on individuals who are already motivated or have a desire for the product being advertised. Therefore, Jessica who was hungry for candy would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed.

Question 3

Lori downloads and listens to MP3s to help her quit smoking. She cannot consciously detect any anti-smoking messages. Chances are that the messages are __________.

Accepted Answer

Subliminal messages are stimuli presented below the threshold of conscious awareness, which means that they are not consciously perceived by the individual. In this case, Lori cannot consciously detect the anti-smoking messages, suggesting that they are subliminal.

Question 4

Why, according to research by McGuire (1964), does attitude inoculation work to increase resistance to subsequent persuasion attempts?

Accepted Answer

Attitude inoculation works by exposing people to weak versions of arguments against their attitudes, which help them generate counterarguments and reduce the persuasiveness of subsequent stronger persuasive messages. This process encourages people to think about the issues and develop stronger attitudes, making them more resistant to persuasion.

Question 5

Researchers provided participants with audiotapes that contained subliminal messages to improve memory or to raise self-esteem. After participants had listened to the tapes, the researchers assessed their memory or self-esteem. Greenwald and his colleagues found that the subliminal messages __________.

Accepted Answer

Greenwald and his colleagues found that the subliminal messages did not actually improve memory or self-esteem, but participants believed that they had experienced improvement. This illustrates the placebo effect, where the belief in the effectiveness of a treatment can lead to perceived improvements, even if the treatment itself has no therapeutic effect.

Question 6

Which of the following ad slogans for an automobile would be more effective in Tokyo than in Chicago?

Accepted Answer

The slogan "Comfort for Your Family" would be more effective in Tokyo than in Chicago because Japanese culture places a strong emphasis on family and community values. A car that can accommodate a family comfortably would be more appealing to Japanese consumers than a slogan like "They'll Eat Your Dust" which emphasizes speed and aggression.

Question 7

People's beliefs about the influence of advertising are incorrect. People __________ they are influenced by regular advertising, and they __________ they are influenced by subliminal advertising.

Accepted Answer

People generally believe they are not influenced by regular advertising, thinking they can resist or ignore it, but they tend to overestimate the effect of subliminal advertising on their decisions and behaviors.

Question 8

Attitude inoculation is the process of making people immune to persuasion attempts by __________.

Accepted Answer

Attitude inoculation involves exposing individuals to weakened versions of counterarguments against their position, helping them to build up resistance to persuasion attempts. This method is not about reinforcing their own position or making them more positive about it, nor is it about encouraging them to keep an open mind.

Question 9

According to the authors of your text, consumers are advised to be less concerned about the presence of subliminal messages in advertising and more concerned that ads __________.

Accepted Answer

The authors of the text suggest that consumers should be more concerned about how ads often shape and perpetuate cultural stereotypes, rather than being concerned about the presence of subliminal messages in advertising. This implies that cultural stereotypes perpetuated by ads have a more significant negative impact on consumers than subliminal messages do.

Question 10

Flipping through a magazine and looking at the ads, you notice that they tend to emphasize individuality and self-improvement. Based on research on cultural differences in persuasion, where is this magazine likely to be sold?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing individuality and self-improvement is more common in individualistic cultures such as Canada, whereas collectivistic cultures like those in Japan, Vietnam, and India tend to value group harmony and interconnectedness over personal achievements. Therefore, the magazine is likely to be sold in Montreal, Canada.

Question 11

Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit by __________.

Accepted Answer

The ad is creating a problem (embarrassment and social anxiety) to persuade consumers to buy the product, indicating that the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit.

Question 12

According to research by Han and Shavitt (1994), what are the cultural differences in the kinds of attitudes people hold about the same consumer product?

Accepted Answer

Han and Shavitt's (1994) research found that ads emphasizing individuality and self-improvement tend to be more effective in Western cultures compared to Asian cultures. This is attributed to the cultural emphasis on individualism in the West versus collectivism in many Asian societies.

Question 13

In a persuasion study conducted by McGuire (1964), participants exposed to weak arguments that contradicted common knowledge or beliefs were __________ likely to be persuaded by __________ two days later.

Accepted Answer

Participants exposed to weak arguments that contradicted common knowledge or beliefs were less likely to be persuaded by stronger arguments two days later. This is known as the "sleeper effect," where weak arguments may initially be discounted but may gain credibility over time, making individuals more susceptible to persuasion from weaker arguments compared to stronger arguments.

Question 14

A public service ad on television shows a young boy resisting the attempts of someone off-camera to persuade him to accept drugs. The boy resists each and every enticement (e.g., "It'll make you fly!" or "Come on, this one's free!"). The camera then pans back, and the boy's father hugs him and says, "Good job, son!" This ad illustrates the use of __________ to increase resistance to attitude change.

Accepted Answer

This ad illustrates the use of attitude inoculation to increase resistance to attitude change. The boy is being exposed to weak arguments and attempts to persuade him to accept drugs in a safe environment, which builds up his resistance to stronger arguments in the future. The father's praise reinforces his resistance and helps to solidify his attitudes.

Question 15

You are reading a billboard that says, "L&H shoes: comfort and style for your whole family." Where would such an ad be most effective, according to research on cultural differences in persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that collectivist cultures, such as China, place a higher value on family and community. Therefore, an advertisement promoting a product for the whole family would be more effective in Shanghai, China.

Question 16

When words or pictures are flashed on a screen too quickly to be consciously perceived, they may influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors. These words and pictures are portraying __________.

Accepted Answer

Unconscious priming refers to the influence of stimuli that are presented below the threshold of conscious awareness on subsequent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Question 17

Politicians often preface their remarks with statements such as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

This strategy is an example of attitude inoculation, where a person is exposed to a weakened version of an argument to help build up defenses against a full-blown attack on their position. By mentioning what the opponent might say, the politician is attempting to inoculate the audience against the opponent's argument, making them less susceptible to being persuaded by it.

Question 18

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's __________, they do not show that such stimuli affect __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that,...

Question 19

Researchers showed Americans and Koreans advertisements that stressed either independence or interdependence. They found that __________ were persuaded most by ads that stressed __________.

Accepted Answer

Cultural differences influence how people respond to advertising. Americans, valuing independence, respond better to ads emphasizing individuality. Koreans, valuing interdependence, respond better to ads emphasizing community and relationships.

Question 20

__________ is a way to increase resistance to attitude change.

Accepted Answer

Attitude inoculation is a process where a person is exposed to a weak form of an argument against their beliefs, followed by a strong counterargument. This process helps to build up resistance to persuasion and increases the strength of their original attitudes, making it harder for someone to change their beliefs. Option A is incorrect as "persuasion resistance" is not a formal concept. Option B "Heuristic rearrangement" is a vague term that does not relate to this concept specifically. Option C, "Priming" is another psychological concept but does not directly relate to increasing resistance to attitude change.

Quiz 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Most people believe that subliminal messages __________.

Based on evidence from Karremans et al. (2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Lori downloads and listens to MP3s to help her quit smoking. She cannot consciously detect any anti-smoking messages. Chances are that the messages are __________.

Why, according to research by McGuire (1964) , does attitude inoculation work to increase resistance to subsequent persuasion attempts?

Which of the following ad slogans for an automobile would be more effective in Tokyo than in Chicago?

People's beliefs about the influence of advertising are incorrect. People they are influenced by regular advertising, and they they are influenced by subliminal advertising.

Attitude inoculation is the process of making people immune to persuasion attempts by __________.

According to the authors of your text, consumers are advised to be less concerned about the presence of subliminal messages in advertising and more concerned that ads __________.

Flipping through a magazine and looking at the ads, you notice that they tend to emphasize individuality and self-improvement. Based on research on cultural differences in persuasion, where is this magazine likely to be sold?

Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit by __________.

According to research by Han and Shavitt (1994) , what are the cultural differences in the kinds of attitudes people hold about the same consumer product?

In a persuasion study conducted by McGuire (1964) , participants exposed to weak arguments that contradicted common knowledge or beliefs were likely to be persuaded by two days later.

You are reading a billboard that says, "L&H shoes: comfort and style for your whole family." Where would such an ad be most effective, according to research on cultural differences in persuasion?

When words or pictures are flashed on a screen too quickly to be consciously perceived, they may influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors. These words and pictures are portraying __________.

Politicians often preface their remarks with statements such as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of __________.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's , they do not show that such stimuli affect .

Researchers showed Americans and Koreans advertisements that stressed either independence or interdependence. They found that were persuaded most by ads that stressed .

__________ is a way to increase resistance to attitude change.

Quiz 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Most people believe that subliminal messages __________.

Based on evidence from Karremans et al. (2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Lori downloads and listens to MP3s to help her quit smoking. She cannot consciously detect any anti-smoking messages. Chances are that the messages are __________.

Why, according to research by McGuire (1964) , does attitude inoculation work to increase resistance to subsequent persuasion attempts?

Which of the following ad slogans for an automobile would be more effective in Tokyo than in Chicago?

People's beliefs about the influence of advertising are incorrect. People __________ they are influenced by regular advertising, and they __________ they are influenced by subliminal advertising.

Attitude inoculation is the process of making people immune to persuasion attempts by __________.

According to the authors of your text, consumers are advised to be less concerned about the presence of subliminal messages in advertising and more concerned that ads __________.

Flipping through a magazine and looking at the ads, you notice that they tend to emphasize individuality and self-improvement. Based on research on cultural differences in persuasion, where is this magazine likely to be sold?

Recent ads on television portray the embarrassment and social anxiety associated with the dreaded toenail fungus. In all probability, the manufacturers are attempting to make a profit by __________.

According to research by Han and Shavitt (1994) , what are the cultural differences in the kinds of attitudes people hold about the same consumer product?

In a persuasion study conducted by McGuire (1964) , participants exposed to weak arguments that contradicted common knowledge or beliefs were __________ likely to be persuaded by __________ two days later.

You are reading a billboard that says, "L&H shoes: comfort and style for your whole family." Where would such an ad be most effective, according to research on cultural differences in persuasion?

When words or pictures are flashed on a screen too quickly to be consciously perceived, they may influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors. These words and pictures are portraying __________.

Politicians often preface their remarks with statements such as "I know that my opponent will try to tell you that I'm weak on crime." This strategy is an example of __________.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's __________, they do not show that such stimuli affect __________.

Researchers showed Americans and Koreans advertisements that stressed either independence or interdependence. They found that __________ were persuaded most by ads that stressed __________.

__________ is a way to increase resistance to attitude change.

People's beliefs about the influence of advertising are incorrect. People they are influenced by regular advertising, and they they are influenced by subliminal advertising.

In a persuasion study conducted by McGuire (1964) , participants exposed to weak arguments that contradicted common knowledge or beliefs were likely to be persuaded by two days later.

Although controlled laboratory studies have shown that, under highly controlled conditions, subliminal stimuli can affect people's , they do not show that such stimuli affect .

Researchers showed Americans and Koreans advertisements that stressed either independence or interdependence. They found that were persuaded most by ads that stressed .