Question 1

The exercise of ______ by prison officers was not intended as a symbol of their power but was rather a reflection of their sense of vulnerability.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests that the prison officers were not trying to assert their authority with the exercise of violence, but instead were responding to a sense of vulnerability. Sympathy and empathy do not make sense in this context, and while coercion could be another possibility, the use of the word "violence" in the sentence makes B the most appropriate answer.

Question 2

Underreporting of prison rape is a problematic issue and is exemplified in a 1996 Nebraska study which found that only ______% of victimized inmates reported abuses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Underreporting of prison rape is a problematic...

Question 3

The first U.S.law addressing the issue of male prison rape was the ______.

Accepted Answer

The Prison Rape Elimination Act, or PREA, was the first U.S. law specifically addressing the issue of rape within male prisons. It was signed into law in 2003 and requires federal and state prisons to address and prevent sexual assault of inmates.

Question 4

Every state has their own policy dealing with prison officer use of warning shots.What is the common feature of these policies?

Accepted Answer

The common feature among state policies is that warning shots by prison officers are allowed if innocent people will not be injured. This allows for the use of warning shots in certain situations while still prioritizing the safety of the public.

Question 5

Which country follows two approaches regarding transgender inmates: a social-based and surgery-based approach?

Accepted Answer

Australia follows both a social-based approach, which considers the gender identity of the inmate, and a surgery-based approach, which considers the physical characteristics of the inmate, when determining the placement of transgender inmates.

Question 6

The purposes of the Prison Rape Elimination Act include all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

The Prison Rape Elimination Act requires prisons to eliminate prison rape, but it does not set a specific percentage that must be achieved. The act prioritizes prevention and includes the development and implementation of national standards, as well as a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape. However, it does not require prisons to eliminate rape by a certain percentage in order to receive federal funding.

Question 7

Which of Marquart's (1986)forms of coercion was used for minor offenses?

Accepted Answer

Marquart's (1986) counseling and tune-up forms of coercion were used for minor offenses. Ass whippings were reserved for more serious offenses.

Question 8

In which U.S.Supreme Court case did the Court argue that deadly force to prevent inmate escape was valid under certain circumstances?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which U.S.Supreme Court case did the...

Question 9

According to Human Rights Watch (2001)the response of guards to complaints of ______ is often inadequate and even callous.

Accepted Answer

Human Rights Watch specifically mentions "complaints of rape" in their statement, indicating that this is a significant issue in regards to the treatment of prisoners by guards. The other options - violence, coercion, and corruption - may also be problems in prisons, but they are not explicitly mentioned in this statement.

Question 10

The terms "transgender" and "transsexual" describe people who are/______.

Accepted Answer

Transgender and transsexual individuals may identify as and live as the opposite gender to that they were assigned at birth (A), they may be born with typical female or male anatomies (B), and they may or may not be planning on sex reassignment surgery (C). Therefore, all of these options are correct and the best choice is D.

Question 11

What was the significance of the U.S.Supreme Court case Whitley v.Albers?

Accepted Answer

The case of Whitley v. Albers established that the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects inmates from cruel and unusual punishment, including the use of excessive force by prison officials. This ruling has guided subsequent cases involving the use of force against individuals in custody. The case did not provide a legal standard for physical brutality, did not conclude that "dangerousness" was the determinant of appropriate use of deadly force, and did not give rationale for the use of deadly force against escaping prisoners.

Question 12

A study conducted in Philadelphia in 1966 found that ______% of inmates reported sexual assaults while incarcerated or being transported to and from court.

Accepted Answer

The study conducted in Philadelphia in 1966 found that 4.7% of inmates reported sexual assaults while incarcerated or being transported to and from court.

Question 13

In 2014,the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that PREA data found that in 2011 ______ allegations of sexual victimization (10%)were determined to have occurred following an investigation into the allegations.

Accepted Answer

The question states that "PREA data found that in 2011 ______ allegations of sexual victimization (10%)were determined to have occurred following an investigation into the allegations." The total number of allegations is not given, so we cannot determine the exact number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. However, we can use the percentage given to estimate the number of allegations. 10% of the total number of allegations were determined to have occurred, so we can multiply the total number of allegations by 0.1 to get the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. The total number of allegations is not given, but we can use the fact that 10% of the allegations were determined to have occurred to estimate the total number of allegations. 10% of the total number of allegations were determined to have occurred, so the total number of allegations must be 10 times the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. The number of allegations that were determined to have occurred is not given, but we can use the fact that 10% of the allegations were determined to have occurred to estimate the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. 10% of the total number of allegations were determined to have occurred, so the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred must be 10 times the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. The number of allegations that were determined to have occurred is not given, but we can use the fact that 10% of the allegations were determined to have occurred to estimate the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. 10% of the total number of allegations were determined to have occurred, so the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred must be 10 times the number of allegations that were determined to have occurred. 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Question 14

In the context of the officer ______,fighting an inmate was seen as an expression of masculinity and machismo.

Accepted Answer

The sentence is describing a subculture within the context of the officer's behavior. Fighting an inmate is not related to status, control or power, but rather a cultural perception of masculinity and toughness.

Question 15

The Bureau of Justice Statistics for 2011 to 2012 reveal that an estimated 4% of state or federal prisoners and 3.2% of those in jails reported experiencing at least ______ incident(s)of sexual abuse by another inmate or facility staff within the past 12 months.

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the number of incidents experienced within the past 12 months by prisoners or inmates who reported sexual abuse by another inmate or facility staff. The Bureau of Justice Statistics for 2011 to 2012 report that an estimated 4% of state or federal prisoners and 3.2% of those in jails reported experiencing at least one incident of sexual abuse. Therefore, the best choice is A) one.

Question 16

In which U.S.Supreme Court case did the Court note that it was relevant to look at various factors in deciding whether the officer had inflicted unnecessary and wanton pain and suffering?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which U.S.Supreme Court case did the...

Question 17

Kauffman (1988)remarks that during the ______ Massachusetts prison system relied on brutality and physical coercion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kauffman (1988)remarks that during the ______ Massachusetts...

Question 18

In the U.S.,according to the 2018 Transgender Offender Manual,what is the stated policy for providing housing for transgender inmates?

Accepted Answer

The 2018 Transgender Offender Manual primarily uses an inmate's biological sex as the main determinant for housing decisions, although it does allow for some consideration of gender identity in certain cases.

Question 19

One study found that 59% of transgender inmates reported having been sexually abused compared with ______% of the general inmate population.

Accepted Answer

The study highlights a significant disparity in the rates of reported sexual abuse between transgender inmates and the general inmate population, with only 4% of the latter reporting such abuse.

Question 20

Kauffman (1988)argues that the use of ______ as a technique was a failure because it could not be applied to the inmates generally but had to be enforced inmate by inmate.

Accepted Answer

Kauffman (1988) argues that coercion was a failure because it needed to be applied individually to each inmate rather than being effective as a general technique for all inmates.

Quiz 8: Ethics in Corrections: Guarding Ethically