Question 1

When presented with tapes of older and younger adults who are forgetful or not forgetful,both younger and older adults

Accepted Answer

The answer of When presented with tapes of older and...

Question 2

According to Brandtstädter,a person who uses all sorts of memory aids (e.g.,a PDA and a Franklin planner)because they pride themselves on not forgetting appointments is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

Brandtstädter's theory suggests that assimilative activities involve efforts to change the environment or oneself to align with personal goals, such as using memory aids to avoid forgetting appointments.

Question 3

According to Brandtstädter,a person who engages in activities to alleviate declines is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

According to Brandtstädter, activities engaged in to alleviate declines in functioning are referred to as assimilative activities. These activities help individuals adapt to changing circumstances by modifying their goals and strategies in order to maintain a sense of well-being and control. Primary control involves attempting to change the environment to meet one's needs or goals, accommodations involve changing oneself to adapt to the environment, and emotion-focused coping involves attempting to regulate one's emotions in response to stress.

Question 4

One way in which implicit stereotypes are often observed is in how

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way in which implicit stereotypes are...

Question 5

When Tina talks to her mother she talks very slowly while exaggerating the intonation of her voice.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Tina is patronizing her mother by speaking slowly and exaggeratedly, which can be perceived as treating her mother as if she is less intelligent or capable than herself.

Question 6

According to Brandtstädter,a person who ignores evidence of declines or blames it on something else is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

Brandtstädter refers to these mechanisms as "immunizing" because they protect individuals from negative feedback about their abilities or goals. By ignoring or dismissing evidence of declines, individuals can maintain their positive self-image and avoid the negative emotions that come with admitting failure or decline.

Question 7

Which of the following psychological constructs refers to the belief that one's performance in a situation depends on something that one personally does?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following psychological constructs refers...

Question 8

Brandtstädter proposes that a positive view of self in later life requires

Accepted Answer

Brandtstädter proposes that a positive view of self in later life requires accommodations (adaptation of goals and expectations), immunizing mechanisms (protecting self-esteem from external threats), and assimilative activities (finding new and positive ways to interpret experiences and memories). Therefore, the best choice is D (all of these).

Question 9

The activation of an automatic,unconscious stereotype is known as

Accepted Answer

Implicit stereotyping refers to the activation of automatic, unconscious stereotypes, which can occur without a person's awareness or intention. Implicit social beliefs and attributions also involve automatic cognitive processes, but do not necessarily involve stereotypes. Explicit stereotyping involves conscious beliefs about a group, and is not automatic or unconscious.

Question 10

Bargh and colleagues have found that subliminal messages about older persons made young adults walk down a hall slower.This is evidence for

Accepted Answer

The fact that the subliminal messages affected the young adults' behavior indicates that they had internalized implicit stereotypes about older persons, as opposed to explicit beliefs or attributions.

Question 11

In a study of African Americans at Stanford University who had scored very high on the SAT verbal subtest,half were told they would take a test that would predict their verbal ability and the other half took the same test but did not hear the test was predictive.Those who heard the predictive statement did worse than those who did not.This is likely to due to

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the scenario is known as stereotype threat, which refers to the negative impact of stereotypes on the performance of individuals from stereotyped groups. In this case, the verbal ability of African Americans may have been undermined by the belief that they were less capable in this area, induced by the statement that the test would predict their ability. Negative personal control, internal attributions, and implicit social beliefs do not fully capture the specifics of this effect.

Question 12

According to Brandtstädter,a person who readjusts his/her goals to lessen the impact of declines is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Brandtstädter,a person who readjusts his/her...

Question 13

Hummert and colleagues found that when primed with the subliminal message "old",adults respond faster to the word "ugly",and when primed with the subliminal message "young",adults respond faster to the word "pretty." This is evidence for

Accepted Answer

The study demonstrates implicit stereotyping, as it shows how subliminal messages can activate unconscious associations between age-related concepts and traits like "ugly" or "pretty."

Question 14

John has added five minutes to his goal running time after he began noticing it is taking him longer to finish his morning run.According to Brandtstädter,John is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

The answer of John has added five minutes to his...

Question 15

Grob and colleagues found that personal control over the life span

Accepted Answer

According to Grob and colleagues, personal control over the life span varies greatly depending on the domain. Different domains (such as health, work, relationships, etc.) may have different levels of personal control, and an individual's level of control may change over time in a specific domain.

Question 16

Alice has misplaced her keys (which rarely happens),but her grandchildren are very worried that something might be wrong with grandma.Never mind that her granddaughter has done the same thing three times this week.The above is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates an age-based double standard, where the grandchildren are more concerned about Alice misplacing her keys due to her age, while overlooking similar behavior in the granddaughter.

Question 17

When older adults were told they were going to take a memory test they performed more poorly than younger adults on a task.However,when they were told the task emphasized learning about new information they performed similarly to younger adults.This provides and example of

Accepted Answer

This situation demonstrates stereotype threat, which is a phenomenon where people who are aware of negative stereotypes about their group perform more poorly on tasks related to that stereotype. In this case, the older adults were primed with the stereotype that they would perform poorly on a memory test, and this led to worse performance. However, when they were given a different task that emphasized learning new information (which did not have a negative stereotype associated with it), they performed similarly to younger adults.

Question 18

Personal control is thought to play a role in

Accepted Answer

Personal control is believed to have an impact on all these factors. High personal control is associated with better memory, higher intelligence, and lower rates of depression.

Question 19

Soederberg,Miller,and Lachman (1999)found_____with regard to intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The question is about intelligence, but none of the answer choices mention intelligence. The closest related answer choice is personal control, which is not the same as intelligence. However, since that is the only answer choice provided, we can still choose the best answer based on the information given. According to the given information, Soederberg, Miller, and Lachman (1999) found that personal control decreases with age.

Question 20

The results of Bargh,et al.and Hummert et al.reveal that

Accepted Answer

Bargh, et al. and Hummert et al. both provide evidence that negative stereotypes can be activated unconsciously or when we are unaware of them. This suggests that negative stereotypes can impact our perceptions and behavior even if we do not intentionally express them or believe in them. None of the other answer choices are directly supported by the research mentioned.

Quiz 8: Social Cognition