Question 1

An interesting study of personality using the internet,Srivastava et al.(2003)found

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Research on Costa and McCrae's model of personality traits shows

Accepted Answer

Research on Costa and McCrae's model of personality traits shows strong support for long-term stability. This has been demonstrated through numerous longitudinal studies that have found consistent patterns of stability in personality traits over time, with little evidence of significant changes.

Question 3

Costa and colleagues reported that traits remained highly stable with correlations ranging from .68 to .85 over a_____year period.

Accepted Answer

Costa and colleagues reported that traits remained highly stable with correlations ranging from .68 to.85 over a 12 year period.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a dimension of Costa and McCrae's theory?

Accepted Answer

Psychoticism is not one of the dimensions in Costa and McCrae's Five Factor Model of personality. The five dimensions are neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Question 5

In addition to methodological concerns,Costa and McCrae's model has been criticized because dispositional traits rarely provide enough information to make predictions about how a person will act in a given situation,along with the fact that they

Accepted Answer

Dispositional traits alone do not provide a full picture of human behavior, as they do not account for individual or societal factors that can influence behavior. Additionally, these traits may not provide a compelling explanation as to why someone behaved a certain way in a specific situation. Finally, Costa and McCrae's model does not take into account sociocultural context, which can also play a large role in behavior.

Question 6

Costa and McCrae's model is criticized mainly because of

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae's model is criticized mainly because of methodological concerns, such as the use of self-report measures and the lack of longitudinal data.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an assumption about traits?

Accepted Answer

The assumption that absolute quantitative standards are used to define traits is not accurate. Traits are measured through a variety of methods, including self-report questionnaires and observational measures, and involve subjective judgments on the part of the researcher or observer. Therefore, there are no objective quantitative standards used to define traits.

Question 8

Being lazy,careless,late,unenergetic,and aimless are characteristics that fall on the low end of Costa and McCrae's _____ dimension.

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae's conscientiousness dimension measures the extent to which a person is responsible, dependable, hard-working, organized, and goal-oriented. Being lazy, careless, late, unenergetic, and aimless are all traits that are opposite to these characteristics, and therefore fall on the low end of the conscientiousness dimension.

Question 9

The creation of an identity or a sense of self is the goal of this type of personality theory.

Accepted Answer

The creation of a life narrative or story is the goal of a personality theory that focuses on identity development. This theory suggests that individuals create a personal narrative that helps them make sense of their experiences and create a coherent sense of self. The other options (dispositional traits, self-concept, and personal concerns) do not specifically relate to the goal of identity formation.

Question 10

What people want during a particular time in their lives and within specific domains; and include their strategies,plans,and defenses used to get what they want are termed

Accepted Answer

Personal concerns refer to the goals, desires, and concerns that motivate individuals during a specific period of their lives and within specific domains such as work or relationships. This includes the strategies, plans, and defenses they use to achieve these goals or cope with any obstacles they encounter. Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies used to protect oneself from unpleasant emotions, thoughts, or experiences. Life skills refer to the abilities and competencies needed for adaptive and positive functioning in different areas of life. Contextual traits refer to the situational or environmental factors that influence behavior.

Question 11

Everyone describes Sharon as a nice person who is always helpful.This description best represents the personality concept of

Accepted Answer

Sharon's description as a "nice person who is always helpful" refers to stable and enduring characteristics of her personality, which are known as traits.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a facet of neuroticism according to Costa and McCrae?

Accepted Answer

Costa and McCrae's five-factor model of personality includes neuroticism as one of its facets, which encompasses anxiety, depression, impulsiveness, and emotional instability. Assertiveness, however, is a facet of extraversion in their model.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the parallel levels of personality and function as defined by McAdams (1999)?

Accepted Answer

According to McAdams (1999), the parallel levels of personality and function are dispositional traits, personal concerns, and life narrative. Self-concept is not included as a separate parallel level, but is considered to reside within each of these levels.

Question 14

Thinking theoretically or philosophically,with little emphasis on economic values,is most characteristic of people who score high on Costa and McCrae's dimension of

Accepted Answer

Openness to experience is the dimension that reflects a person's openness to new ideas, thoughts, and experiences. People who score high on this dimension tend to be curious, imaginative, and creative. They are also more likely to be interested in philosophical or theoretical concepts that go beyond practical or economic values. This is why thinking theoretically or philosophically is most characteristic of people who score high on openness to experience.

Question 15

According to Hooker (2002),the three processes that act in tandem with the three structural components of personality levels are

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hooker (2002),the three processes that...

Question 16

An approach to personality that explicitly takes into account contextual factors is

Accepted Answer

Personal concerns approach to personality considers the individual's goals, motivations, and intentions within specific contexts, thus explicitly incorporating contextual factors.

Question 17

One view of personality incorporates _____ which consist of things important to people.

Accepted Answer

Personal concerns refer to the things that are important to individuals, such as their goals, values, and life aspirations. Dispositional traits refer to consistent patterns of behavior, while self-concept refers to individuals' beliefs about themselves. Life narrative refers to the story individuals construct about themselves and their experiences.

Question 18

According to the Berkeley studies,the best predictor of life satisfaction in old age for women is

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Berkeley studies,the best predictor...

Question 19

Melissa is high in warmth,gregariousness,activity,and positive emotions.In Costa and McCrae's theory,Melissa would be considered high on the dimension of

Accepted Answer

According to Costa and McCrae's theory, extroversion is characterized by warmth, gregariousness, activity, and positive emotions. Therefore, Melissa would be considered high on the dimension of extroversion.

Question 20

____________________.is/are (an)aspect(s)of personality that is/are consistent across different contexts.

Accepted Answer

Dispositional traits are stable and enduring characteristics that are consistent across different situations and contexts. They are often seen as a fundamental aspect of personality that underlies a person's behavior and emotions. This is in contrast to other aspects of personality, such as self-concept, that may change depending on the situation or context. Life narrative and personal concerns may also vary across different contexts.

Quiz 9: Personality

An interesting study of personality using the internet,Srivastava et al.(2003) found